Fundamentals: Implicit premise발음듣기
대기중
Fundamentals: Implicit premise
29문장
0% 일본어
번역 0명 참여
출처 : 칸아카데미
Fundamentals: Implicit premise
(intro music) Hi, I'm Kelley Schiffman.
I'm a PHD student at Yale University, and today I'd like to talk about suppressed premises.
So, very often when we present an argument for a conclusion, we don't explicitly state all the premises required for getting to the conclusion.
Consider this example: Premise (1): Mike is a Canadian.
Conclusion: Mike must be polite.
To get from the premise that Mike is a Canadian to the conclusion that Mike is polite, we need a second premise saying that all Canadians are polite.
Only then is this argument strictly valid.
Only then does the conclusion follow from the premises.
Now, premise two here, the premise that all Canadians are polite, is an example of what we call a "suppressed premise."
Consider this other example. Premise (1): Smoking will damage your health.
Conclusion: So, you shouldn't do it.
Here, the suppressed premise is the claim that you shouldn't do things that damage your health.
Now, notice that in both of these cases, even though these suppressed premises are required for the argument to be valid, it seems nonetheless acceptable to leave them only implicit, to not state them explicitly.
But why is this? I would suggest the following: that it's okay to keep a premise suppressed if two conditions are met.
First, that the premise is uncontroversial.
And second, that it's obvious to the person being presented with the argument.
If both of these conditions are met, then it seems acceptable to keep the premise suppressed.
Sometimes, however, a premise will be left implicit, it will be left suppressed, even if it fails to meet these conditions.
Now, sometimes this is done unintentionally.
Other times it's done in order to make the argument appear more persuasive than it really is.
Regardless, that's why it's important to be sensitive to the possibility of suppressed premises, and to develop a habit for identifying them.
Consider the following argument. Premise (1): Killing an innocent person is wrong.
Conclusion: Therefore, abortion is wrong.
The suppressed premise here is something like "To have an abortion is to kill an innocent person."
That's the suppressed premise. Now, regardless of whether this premise is true or false, it certainly isn't uncontroversial.
It doesn't meet condition one. Nor can one count on others taking this premise to be obvious.
It doesn't meet condition two. It's therefore a premise that should be made explicit and critically reflected upon when assessing the strength of the argument.
It's in cases like this where sensitivity to suppressed premises is truly important.
번역
0%
So, very often when we present an argument for a conclusion, we don't explicitly state all the premises required for getting to the conclusion.발음듣기
대기중
To get from the premise that Mike is a Canadian to the conclusion that Mike is polite, we need a second premise saying that all Canadians are polite.발음듣기
대기중
Now, premise two here, the premise that all Canadians are polite, is an example of what we call a "suppressed premise."발음듣기
대기중
Here, the suppressed premise is the claim that you shouldn't do things that damage your health.발음듣기
대기중
Now, notice that in both of these cases, even though these suppressed premises are required for the argument to be valid, it seems nonetheless acceptable to leave them only implicit, to not state them explicitly.발음듣기
대기중
But why is this? I would suggest the following: that it's okay to keep a premise suppressed if two conditions are met.발음듣기
대기중
If both of these conditions are met, then it seems acceptable to keep the premise suppressed.발음듣기
대기중
Sometimes, however, a premise will be left implicit, it will be left suppressed, even if it fails to meet these conditions.발음듣기
대기중
Other times it's done in order to make the argument appear more persuasive than it really is.발음듣기
대기중
Regardless, that's why it's important to be sensitive to the possibility of suppressed premises, and to develop a habit for identifying them.발음듣기
대기중
The suppressed premise here is something like "To have an abortion is to kill an innocent person."발음듣기
대기중
That's the suppressed premise. Now, regardless of whether this premise is true or false, it certainly isn't uncontroversial.발음듣기
대기중
It doesn't meet condition one. Nor can one count on others taking this premise to be obvious.발음듣기
대기중
It doesn't meet condition two. It's therefore a premise that should be made explicit and critically reflected upon when assessing the strength of the argument.발음듣기
대기중
칸아카데미 더보기더 보기
-
Fall of Rome the Roman Empire... in the 15th ...
103문장 0%번역 좋아요1
번역하기 -
The Painting Techniques of Ad Reinhardt
42문장 0%번역 좋아요4
번역하기 -
Economic profit vs accounting profit
113문장 0%번역 좋아요1
번역하기 -
150문장 0%번역 좋아요2
번역하기
