Joseph Horowitz on Dvorak. Mini–lecture발음듣기
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Joseph Horowitz on Dvorak. Mini–lecture
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Joseph Horowitz on Dvorak. Mini–lecture
A useful way to look at the New World Symphony, to figure out what's going on, is to look at the way it ends, because no other symphony ends the way the New World Symphony ends. It ends with a dirge.
You remember how the ending is?
(Antonin Dvorak, New World Symphony ending, soft and slow) There's a funeral of some kind, and then there's an apotheosis.
(New World Symphony ending, loud and dramatic) And then the final chord is this E major.
(plays E major chord on piano) It's marked with a diminuendo, fading into silence.
To make sense out of this ending, you obviously have to refer to something more than music.
You cannot, in purely musical terms, account for the ending of the New World Symphony.
To account for the ending of the New World Symphony, you have to look at this little book, The Song of Hiawatha, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a poem beloved by Dvorak.
He first read it in Czech, then he read it in English, and he told us, he told reporters, this is a major source of inspiration for the New World Symphony.
You read the ending of the Song of Hiawatha, and you'll read a description of the ending of the New World Symphony.
I'll read it to you. "On the shore stood Hiawatha, "turned and waved his hand at parting.
On the clear and luminous water launched his birch canoe for sailing.
From the pebbles of the margin shoved it forth into the water, "whispered to it, 'Westward, westward.'
And with speed, it darted forward.
And the evening sun descending set the clouds on fire with redness, burned the broad sky like a prairie, left upon the level water one long track and trail of splendor down whose stream is down a river, Westward, westward Hiawatha sailed into the fiery sunset, sailed into the purple vapors, sailed into the dusk of evening,"
So this dusk of evening and these purple vapors and the sadness of this departure are written into the end of the New World Symphony.
(New World Symphony) Remember also how the New World Symphony begins.
It begins with a song of sorrow in the low strings.
What's going on here is that you have a man who comes to the United States in 1892, and is handed a mandate by Jeannette Thurber, the founder of the National Conservatory of Music, to help American composers create an American school of music, American concert music that Americans will recognize as their own. He's a cultural nationalist.
He says, "Okay, show me your folk music."
He chiefly finds it in two places, Native Americans, African Americans. Dvorak is a butcher's son.
Dvorak is a compassionate man. He's an instinctive democrat.
He says, "I look to the poor for musical greatness."
So his compassionate response is to the Black American, who was enslaved, the Red American, who is now at risk of extinction, and this sadness, it permeates the New World Symphony.
There are other sources of sadness in this symphony: the American West.
Dvorak had never seen such a vast, uninhabited terrain.
He said that it seemed to him desolate, sad to despair.
Finally, Dvorak was homesick for a Bohemia.
All of these sources of sadness contribute to the elegiac complexion, which is also majestic, of the New World Symphony.
I once had occasion in a book, my History of Classical Music in America, to try to describe all of this in just a few sentences.
I'll read it to you. "With its Indian threnody, the coda, "a dead march, a cry of pain, "a loud last chord fading to silence, "sealed one of the symphony's meanings.
It is, all of it, an elegy for a vanishing race.
Embracing the myth of the noble savage, the New World is far the best of the many musical evocations of Hiawatha.
Embracing the myth of the virgin West, it is the most eloquent musical equivalent "of the canvases of George Catlin, "Frederic Remington and Albert Bierstadt.
And obviously crucially to Dvorak, sadness of the prairie and sadness of the Indian "resonate as well with homeward longings "and with who knows what other personal sadnesses.
More than a Bohemian symphony with an American accent, From the New World is a reading of America "drawn taut emotionally "by the pull of the Czech fatherland."
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A useful way to look at the New World Symphony, to figure out what's going on, is to look at the way it ends, because no other symphony ends the way the New World Symphony ends. It ends with a dirge.발음듣기
대기중
(Antonin Dvorak, New World Symphony ending, soft and slow) There's a funeral of some kind, and then there's an apotheosis.발음듣기
대기중
To account for the ending of the New World Symphony, you have to look at this little book, The Song of Hiawatha, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a poem beloved by Dvorak.발음듣기
대기중
He first read it in Czech, then he read it in English, and he told us, he told reporters, this is a major source of inspiration for the New World Symphony.발음듣기
대기중
You read the ending of the Song of Hiawatha, and you'll read a description of the ending of the New World Symphony.발음듣기
대기중
From the pebbles of the margin shoved it forth into the water, "whispered to it, 'Westward, westward.'발음듣기
대기중
And the evening sun descending set the clouds on fire with redness, burned the broad sky like a prairie, left upon the level water one long track and trail of splendor down whose stream is down a river, Westward, westward Hiawatha sailed into the fiery sunset, sailed into the purple vapors, sailed into the dusk of evening,"발음듣기
대기중
So this dusk of evening and these purple vapors and the sadness of this departure are written into the end of the New World Symphony.발음듣기
대기중
What's going on here is that you have a man who comes to the United States in 1892, and is handed a mandate by Jeannette Thurber, the founder of the National Conservatory of Music, to help American composers create an American school of music, American concert music that Americans will recognize as their own. He's a cultural nationalist.발음듣기
대기중
He chiefly finds it in two places, Native Americans, African Americans. Dvorak is a butcher's son.발음듣기
대기중
So his compassionate response is to the Black American, who was enslaved, the Red American, who is now at risk of extinction, and this sadness, it permeates the New World Symphony.발음듣기
대기중
All of these sources of sadness contribute to the elegiac complexion, which is also majestic, of the New World Symphony.발음듣기
대기중
I once had occasion in a book, my History of Classical Music in America, to try to describe all of this in just a few sentences.발음듣기
대기중
I'll read it to you. "With its Indian threnody, the coda, "a dead march, a cry of pain, "a loud last chord fading to silence, "sealed one of the symphony's meanings.발음듣기
대기중
Embracing the myth of the noble savage, the New World is far the best of the many musical evocations of Hiawatha.발음듣기
대기중
Embracing the myth of the virgin West, it is the most eloquent musical equivalent "of the canvases of George Catlin, "Frederic Remington and Albert Bierstadt.발음듣기
대기중
And obviously crucially to Dvorak, sadness of the prairie and sadness of the Indian "resonate as well with homeward longings "and with who knows what other personal sadnesses.발음듣기
대기중
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