Lion Gate, Mycenae, c. 1300-1250 B.C.E.발음듣기
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Lion Gate, Mycenae, c. 1300-1250 B.C.E.
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[piano playing] Man: The approach to Mycenae is substantial and if you were not a friend it was going to be tough to get in.발음듣기
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Mycenae is one the great citadels of Mycenaean Culture, that is this Bronze Age culture on mainland Greece that traded throughout the Mediterranean and became quite wealthy and quite powerful between the years of about 1600 and 1100 BCE.발음듣기
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Girl: Right, and there were several cultures that thrive in this area during this Bronze Age period.발음듣기
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Here on the mainland we refer to Mycenaean Culture named after the most powerful of the Mycenaean City States and that Mycenae.발음듣기
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In fact, there are two larger mountains on the back, a huge valley leading down to the Aegean Sea in front.발음듣기
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Just a glorious space but also one where enemies approach can be seen at a very great distance.발음듣기
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Girl: Walking up this ramp way, we're surrounded by enormous blocks of stones creating very high walls on either side of us.발음듣기
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As you said, we're surrounded by these walls on three sides which means that we are completely unprotected.발음듣기
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If we were an enemy approaching, it would be easy to rain arrows, spears, anything down on us.발음듣기
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Girl: The Mycenaean architects wanted to build this wall very high and they used a technique called corbelling.발음듣기
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That is, they constructed the stones so that each successive higher layer moved in just slightly and that left this triangular space in the center right over the lintel.발음듣기
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Man: The relief above the Lion Gate is the first monumental sculpture that we found on mainland Greece.발음듣기
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Since we know what happens in Ancient Greece and Historical Greece much later, we look back to this as art historians and say, "Here is the earliest representation "that we find from Greece.발음듣기
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This is in a sense the great grandfather of the extraordinary work "that the Greeks will produce."발음듣기
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Their fore paws seemed to be on 2 altar like tables and between them is a column that seems to get wider as it moves upward.발음듣기
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Man: Now, that's opposite to the way we understand Greek architecture at a later period but it is very similar to the way that the Minoan's constructed their architecture.발음듣기
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Man: Now, just below the capital archaeologists have hypothesized that the two blocks that the animals have their fore paws on and that the column rest on are two altars.발음듣기
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But that hasn't stopped archaeologists and art historians from making a lot of very clever guesses about what this might represent.발음듣기
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Man: we can guess that the lost heads turned outward because of the way the dowel holes are placed in the stone.발음듣기
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Girl: And that they were likely of a different material placed on to the bodies of these animals.발음듣기
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Man: And at least one scholar has suggested that they might have been bird heads and that these might have been griffins and that the composite nature of the animal might also be reflected by the composite nature of the materials. Again, these are guesses.발음듣기
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Man: There is a tradition of having powerful animals standing guard at a gate, and so we might think of these as warding off evil.발음듣기
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Girl: If they had that kind of supernatural power we might also conjecture that the column has meaning as well.발음듣기
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Man: Well, the column is above the altar so there is that sense of divinity that seems logical.발음듣기
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The fact that there are two altars has led some scholars to suggest that perhaps this has to do with becoming together of two cultures. Again, these are all conjectures.발음듣기
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I get a sense of the muscles in legs of the lions and the kind of subtle modelling of the anatomy of these animals.발음듣기
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Girl: It's hard not to think that these also speak to the power of the king who resided inside these Cyclopean walls.발음듣기
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