Flu Pathophysiology

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Flu Pathophysiology발음듣기

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There are three groups of influenza viruses which we call virus types.발음듣기

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And these three types are influenza A, B and C.발음듣기

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So we group influenza viruses like this because of the differences that they have in genetic material or their genome.발음듣기

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So the genome in an influenza A virus is very different than the genome in the influenza B virus.발음듣기

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And there are many more differences between A and B than there are between two influenza A viruses.발음듣기

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So I'm focusing right now on influenza A and B viruses because these are the types that cause sickness and epidemics every winter in the United States.발음듣기

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I'm not focusing on influenza type C because this is much less common in humans and actually isn't even included in the annual vaccine.발음듣기

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So now lets get back to the differences between individual virus types.발음듣기

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So - ahm - the influenza type A is a very large group of viruses, much larger than the type B.발음듣기

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And so we need to further divide this group according to subtype and the subtype is named according to surface proteins that are on the outside of every virus.발음듣기

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So there are two kinds of surface proteins on every influenza A virus and we call these H for hemagglutinin and N for neuraminidase.발음듣기

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Now these surface proteins come in many different flavors.발음듣기

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There are actually 17 different kinds of hemagglutinin proteins and 10 different kinds of neuraminidase proteins.발음듣기

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So when a virus replicates its genome is going to determine what kinds of H and N proteins will show up on the surface of the virus.발음듣기

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So you can imagine that there are a lot of different combinations of these viruses.발음듣기

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So H1-N1 could be a potential combination.발음듣기

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Maybe H3-N2 and so on.발음듣기

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And actually, H1-N1 and H3-N2 are the subtypes that we see in humans today.발음듣기

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So the combinations of proteins that we see in these viruses is very important because this is what the immune system sees when a virus enters the body.발음듣기

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It sees what's on the outside of the virus.발음듣기

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So when you have two viruses that are the same or that look the same on the outside and if the immune system knows what to do with one of them, it will know what to do with the other one.발음듣기

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But if you have a virus come along that looks very different from a virus that the immune stem has ever seen before it's going to be very confused and not know what to do with this new virus.발음듣기

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And when this happens, this is what causes major illness across an entire population.발음듣기

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And we'll learn more about that in a future module.발음듣기

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