Sant'Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna

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Sant'Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna발음듣기

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We're in the church of Sant' Apollinare in Classe, just outside of Ravenna.발음듣기

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This was once the port for the Roman empire in the early 1st century.발음듣기

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Right, there had once been a large lagoon in-between the two towns, that's long gone.발음듣기

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This was actually the site of an ancient Roman cemetery, and there is every possibility that the first bishop of Ravenna, St. Apolenaris, was actually buried here on this site.발음듣기

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And we see St. Apolenaris right here in the centre of the apse.발음듣기

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But before we get to that, let's talk about the church for a second.발음듣기

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We're in a basilica, and, like so many churches in Ravenna, it's been through many phases.발음듣기

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And just like Sant' Apollinare Nuovo there would have been mosaics all along the nave, but those are gone.발음듣기

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What we do have is an extraordinary apse mosaic. It's huge.발음듣기

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Let's start with the archway around the apse.발음듣기

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That's known as the triumphal arch.발음듣기

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And on the top centre we see a bearded image of God holding a book, and on either side of him the symbols of the four evangelists.발음듣기

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Right, Jonas is an eagle, Matthew's the man, Mark is the lion, and Luke is the ox.발음듣기

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And they're in a sky filled with blue and red clouds.발음듣기

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Below them we see on the left the city of Jerusalem, on the right Bethlehem, and from those two very symbolically represented cities we see lambs emerging.발음듣기

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Walking up a mountain, up towards the clouds, up towards heaven.발음듣기

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So clearly, purely symbolic representation, and that continues in the apse mosaic itself.발음듣기

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Largest and most central is a gold cross.발음듣기

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In the centre of the cross you can see a small bust of Jesus Christ.발음듣기

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Surrounding it is a blue field with 99 gold stars.발음듣기

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On either edge of the short arm of the cross we see the Greek letters Alpha and Omega, the idea that Christ is the beginning and the end, that Christ is all things.발음듣기

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So what we have symbolically represented here is the story we call the transfiguration, the moment when Christ revealed his divine nature to three of his apostles, Peter, James, and John, and they're shown here as sheep in a field, Christ is symbolically represented as the cross.발음듣기

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On either side we do see two human figures, half-length representations, one is Moses, and one is Elijah.발음듣기

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And then the story of the transfiguration when Christ revealed his divine nature and was filled with white light, Moses and Elijah appeared with him, and God, the Father, spoke, and said "This is my son, whom I love, with whom I am well pleased, listen to him."발음듣기

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And so this is the moment of divine revelation, this appearance of Christ, the man, as God.발음듣기

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It's so easy to imagine a 6th century worshiper sitting here, understanding that this is a sort of an extraordinary opportunity to have these sacred truths revealed to them as they sit before it.발음듣기

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The figures of Moses and Elijah in a golden sky, in the realm of the eternal, below St. Apollinare in a more earthy realm, but one represented very schematically and decoratively.발음듣기

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And of course the sheep are wonderful, especially down at the bottom.발음듣기

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There are 12 of them, and it's clearly a reference to the apostles.발음듣기

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And St. Apollinare himself stands frontal, we can see his name written on either side of him, just in case we were going to forget, or be confused.발음듣기

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That's right, we can't do that.발음듣기

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And he's got its arms raised in prayer, which is actually a position we often see in Early Christian imagery.발음듣기

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So in these churches in Ravenna, we see here an apse, in another church the apse might be missing, but we have the mosaics on the walls of the nave, and we can begin to fit together what these churches would have looked like when they were new in the 5th and 6th century.발음듣기

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