United States enters World War I발음듣기
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United States enters World War I
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100% 한국어
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출처 : 칸아카데미
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Despite the fact that Wilson had just won re-election in 1916 based on a platform of keeping the United States out of war, by april... ...by april of... ...nineteen...발음듣기
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...seventeen, the administration had decided that Germany had gone too far, and in particular had gone too far with the unrestricted submarine warfare so this right over here is a picture of President Wilson on april second 1917 giving a war message to Congress as to why the U.S. needs to declare war on Germany,발음듣기
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and april fourth Congress passes the resolution to declare war, and the President approves it on april sixth, so by early april the United States was at war with Germany.발음듣기
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Now, the things that are typically cited, and these are the things that are uh... inflamed public opinion in the U.S.발음듣기
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And that many of which were cited by President Woodrow Wilson, and in this tutorial, that this is part of, a kind of can of men at work, I've put the entire text of his speech, which I highly recommend reading, to see all of the things that President Wilson cited in his speech.발음듣기
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But just as a summary of that, the things that tend to get cited most often are the unrestricted submarine warfare, on the part of Germany, unrestricted...발음듣기
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...submarine... ...warfare, and particular cases are, the most cited example of that is the sinking of the Lusitania.발음듣기
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The Germans stopped doing that for a little under two years, but then as we enter into 1917 they began doing it again.발음듣기
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And... it also made the Americans quite angry to realize that the Germans were trying to enside the Mexicans against them, so you have the Zimmermann...발음듣기
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...telegram, is also a reason that the Wilson administration and why people in general were fairly angry about things.발음듣기
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Now on top of that there were, there were atrocities committed by the Germans in their march through Belgium as they were trying to execute on the Schlieffen plan. So belgian.. ...belgian...발음듣기
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...atrocities, and these were early in the war, at nineteen forty, which immediately made many Americans kind of not like what's going on, belgian atrocities.발음듣기
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And to put on top of that, the British were able to leverage the belgian atrocities, to fairly, to execute... uh...a fairly effective propaganda campaign uh... in America.발음듣기
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Now on top of that, and this is something that Wilson speaks very strongly about in his speech, is the notion of fighting for Democracy fighting...발음듣기
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...for... ...fighting for Democracy. And what you have here, and in the First World War, the central powers, you're talking about the German Empire,발음듣기
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you're talking about the Austro-hungarians, these are monarchies, these are, emperors were controlling it, and even though the UK, the United Kingdom was nominally a kingdom it was really a democracy, at least for those who could vote, we're not talking about the entire British Empire.발음듣기
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So there's this argument that the U.S. is fighting for the represent... the representation of people.발음듣기
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Now, there is a more cynical argument, that some people have made, and I think it's reasonable to give that due time, and one of the cynical arguments, or the more cynical arguments, is that the U.S. had close financial and trade ties to Britain, not to mention cultural ties, ...financial ties to......the British.발음듣기
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On top of that you have very successful British propaganda the... one talking about the atrocities in Belgium, which did actually happen but the British were able to exploit this as a propaganda machine, ...successful propaganda, but they also spread rumors that after the sinking of the Lusitania, that the Germans had their school's children celebrating, and these were all made up, ...propaganda.발음듣기
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And then a more cynical view of why the U.S. entered the war, and this is true of probably most wars, is that there's a lot of lobbying on the part of war profiteers.발음듣기
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War... ...profiteers. In fact in little orphan Annie Daddy Warbucks, the main reason why his last name is "Warbucks" is because he made...발음듣기
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War profiteers these are people who might be selling arms to the Allies, or who might sell arms to the U.S. Government if the U.S. were to get into a war, that might somehow supply the troops and includes uh... potentially focus on Wall Street, there were significant lending to the Allies and mainly the Allies, not to the central power, and so the view is that the Allies win, those loans are going to be made good.발음듣기
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..senator George Norris who was one of five senators, oh sorry... one of six senators to vote against the resolution to go to war, there were fifty represent... fifty representatives who also voted against it, this is a little excerpt but also in this tutorial I have the full text of the speech in a highly, highly, highly.발음듣기
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Uh... recommended reading that, along with Wilson's text of his speech to Congress in his war... in his war message.발음듣기
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But I'll just read this part because it does, I think, point out that the U.S. from the beginning did have by the seas that were more pro-British,발음듣기
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and the so this is part of the speech:"The reason given by the President and asking Congress to declare war against Germany is that the German government has declared certain war zones within which, by the use of submarines, she sinks without notice american ships and destroys american lives.발음듣기
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The zone became effective november fifth 1914, this zone so declared by Great Britain covered the whole of the North Sea.발음듣기
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The first german war zone was declared on the fourth day of february 1915, just three months after the british war zone was declared Germany gave fifteen days notice of the establishment of her zone which became effective on the eighteenth day of february 1915.발음듣기
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The german war zone covered the english channel and the high sea waters around the british isles.발음듣기
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It is unnecessary to cite authority to show that both of these orders declaring military zones were illegal and contrary to international law.발음듣기
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It is sufficient to say that our government has officially declared both of them to be illegal.발음듣기
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The only difference is that in the case of Germany we have persisted in our protest while in the case of England we have submitted". I encourage you once again to read to read the text of both Wilson's speech and... uh... and...발음듣기
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