Entry, descent & landing

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Entry, descent & landing발음듣기

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(music-dark/mysterious/percussive) Adam Steltzner 'When people look at it... uhhh, it looks crazy.발음듣기

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That's a very natural thing.' 'Sometimes when we look at it, it looks crazy.'발음듣기

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It is the result of reasoned, engineering thought.'발음듣기

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But it still looks crazy.' 'From the top of the atmosphere, down to the surface-'발음듣기

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It takes us seven minutes.' 'It takes 14 minutes or so for the signal from the spacecraft to make it to Earth-'발음듣기

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that's how far Mars is away from us.'발음듣기

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So, when we first get word that we've touched the top of the atmosphere,'발음듣기

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the vehicle has been alive...' (music intensifies- heavier percussion) 'or dead, on the surface, for at least seven minutes.'발음듣기

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(music crescendos- dark pounding drums) Tom Rivellini: 'Entry, descent and landing, also known as EDL, is referred to as the '7 minutes of terror'.'발음듣기

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Because we've got literally seven minutes to get from the top of the atmosphere to the surface of Mars-'발음듣기

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going from 13,000 miles an hour to zero, in perfect sequence, perfect choreography, perfect timing...'발음듣기

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and the computer has to do it all by itself, with no help from the ground.'발음듣기

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If any one thing doesn't work just right, it's game over.'발음듣기

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(whoosh) (music -tension/drums steadily building) Adam Steltzner: 'We slam into the atmosphere and develop so much aerodynamic drag,'발음듣기

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our heat shield, it heats up and it glows like the surface of the sun.'발음듣기

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1600 degrees!' Miguel San Martin: 'During entry, the vehicle is not only slowing down- violently, though the atmosphere,'발음듣기

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but also we are guiding it, like an airplane! to be able to land in a very narrow, constrained space.'발음듣기

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This is one of the biggest challenges that we are facing, and one that we have never attempted at Mars.'발음듣기

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Tom Rivellini: 'Mars- it's actually really hard to slow down,'발음듣기

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because it has just enough atmosphere, that you have to deal with it-'발음듣기

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otherwise, it will destroy your spacecraft.'발음듣기

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On the other hand, it doesnt have enough atmosphere to finish the job.'발음듣기

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We're still going about 1000 miles an hour.'발음듣기

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So at that point we use a parachute.'발음듣기

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Anita Sengupta: 'The parachute is the largest and strongest super-sonic parachute-'발음듣기

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that we've ever built to date.'발음듣기

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It has to withstand 65,000 pounds of force! even though the parachute itself only weighs about 100 pounds.'발음듣기

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(blast-whoosh) Tom Rivellini: 'When it opens up that fast, it's a neck-snapping 9G's!'발음듣기

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Steve Lee: 'At that point we have to get that heat shield off.'발음듣기

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It's like a big lens cap, blocking our view of the ground to the radar.'발음듣기

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The radar has to take just the right altitude and velocity measurements at just the right time-'발음듣기

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or the rest of the landing sequence wont work.'발음듣기

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(heavy wind sound) (music pulsing/intense) Tom Rivellini: 'This big huge parachute that we've got-'발음듣기

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it'll only slow us down to about 200 miles an hour.'발음듣기

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And that's not slow enough to land.'발음듣기

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So we have no choice but we've got to cut it off!'발음듣기

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(whoosh) (music cuts) 'And then come down on rockets.'발음듣기

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(engines blast) 'Once we turn those rocket motors on-'발음듣기

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if we dont do something, we're just going to smack right back into the parachute!'발음듣기

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(engines blast) (music- big pounding drums) 'So the first thing we do is make this really radical 'divert maneuver''발음듣기

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We fly off to the side.'발음듣기

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Adam Steltzner: 'Diverting away from the parachute, killing our horizontal velocity and our vertical velocity'발음듣기

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getting the rover moving straight up and down, so it can look at the surface with its radar-'발음듣기

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and see where we're gonna land.'발음듣기

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And we head straight down' 'to the bottom of a crater'발음듣기

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right beside a six kilometer-high mountain!'발음듣기

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(music- grand) Anita Sengupta: 'We can't get those rocket engines too close to the ground.'발음듣기

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Because if we were to descent propulsively all the way to the ground- 'we would essentially create this massive dust cloud.발음듣기

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That dust cloud could then land on the rover-'발음듣기

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It could damage mechanisms and it could damage instruments.'발음듣기

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So the way we solve that problem, is by using the skycrane maneuver.'발음듣기

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Adam Steltzner: '20 meters above the surface, we have to lower the rover below us-'발음듣기

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on a tether that's 21 feet long.'발음듣기

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And then deposit it, on its wheels, on the surface.'발음듣기

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(music- intense and climactic) Miguel San Martin: 'As the rover touches down and is now on the ground,'발음듣기

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the descent stage- it's on a collision course with the rover!'발음듣기

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We must cut the bridal immediately and fly the descent stage to a safe distance from the rover.'발음듣기

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(music crescendos and ends) (thunderous rockets echo) (music-final orchestra hit over dark drone) (wind in background) (music- dark drone continues with faint ticking sound)발음듣기

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