LeBron asks about comparing Earth's history to a basketball game

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LeBron asks about comparing Earth's history to a basketball game발음듣기

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LeBron: If the history of the earth was a basketball game, at what point in the game will the humans show up?발음듣기

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Voiceover: Let's first think about how long a basketball game is in the NBA.발음듣기

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We have 4 quarters that each lasts 12 minutes, so we're talking about 48 minutes.발음듣기

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48 minutes of regulation play.발음듣기

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I'm not considering half time and the time outs and the commercial breaks and potential overtime.발음듣기

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I am just taking about regulation play.발음듣기

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We could think about how the numbers might change if you think about the total duration of the game, including time outs and commercial breaks and everything that might get you closer to 2 or 2 1/2 hours.발음듣기

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But 48 minutes we can actually convert to seconds because we know that there are 60 seconds per minute, times 60 seconds, 60 seconds per minute and this is pretty straight forward multiplication.발음듣기

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We can just say 48 times 60 gives us, so we got this 0 here and then 6 times 48, 6 times 8 is 48 and then 6 times 4 is 24 plus 4 is 28.발음듣기

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So there's 2,880 seconds during regulation play.발음듣기

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Now let's think about the actual age of earth.발음듣기

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We estimate that the earth, and actually the entire solar system, which was all formed roughly at the same time, is 4.54 billion years old.발음듣기

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So let me draw that here.발음듣기

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We're going to make a comparison, so I am going to draw it as the same length.발음듣기

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So 4.54 billion years old and just to give a sense of how large of a number that is, a billion is a 1,000 million.발음듣기

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So we could also write this as 4,540 million years. or we could write it as 4,540,000 thousand years, or millennia, or we could just write out the number as 4,540,000,000 years which seems kind of old,발음듣기

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but let's think about how long anatomically, modern humans have been roaming the surface of the earth and here we estimate that anatomically modern humans have been on the surface of the earth for about 200,000 years,발음듣기

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which seems like a reasonable amount of time but we'll see it's a very small fraction when you compare it to 4.54 billion years.발음듣기

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So let's say that that's that little there and I am actually overdoing it when I'm drawing the diagram.발음듣기

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So that right over there is the amount of time humans have been 200,000 years and I am actually drawing this way too big.발음듣기

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But what we want to figure out is what is that equivalent length in seconds on a basketball game or another way to think about it, 200,000 years is to 4.54 billion years as the number of seconds.발음듣기

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Let's call this thing right over here x as x is to the total number of seconds in a game.발음듣기

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So 2,880 seconds, 2,880 seconds just like that.발음듣기

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And one way that we can do this, to solve for x and this is kind of a more basic algebra, but just as a reminder if we want to solve for x here,발음듣기

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the easiest way is to multiply by 2,880 and that will cancel with this right over here.발음듣기

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but we can't just do it to the right hand side, we also have to do it to the left hand side and so if you multiply both sides by 2,880,발음듣기

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so multiply both sides by 2,880, you get that x, the number of the equivalent number of seconds in a basketball game.발음듣기

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If the history of the earth was a basketball game, when the humans would show up is equal to the fraction of earth's history that humans have been around.발음듣기

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That's this part right over here, times the number of seconds in a game.발음듣기

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So let's think about what we get there.발음듣기

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We are going to have the fraction of earth's history, so 200,000 divided by 4.45 billion.발음듣기

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There's a couple of ways I could write it.발음듣기

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I could write it 4.54e9, which literally means 4.54 times 10 to the 9th or 4.54 times 1 followed with 9 zeros or 4.54 times a billion, which is exactly 4.54 billion.발음듣기

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So I could write it like that or I could just write it out.발음듣기

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I could write 4, 5 so 4 billion, we'll be careful, 4, 540,000,000 and now I am doing the thousands 2, 3 and now I am just doing the 1, 2, 3.발음듣기

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So this is 4 billion and then I should have 9 places after that 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.발음듣기

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So this expression right here is a fraction of earth's history that anatomically modern humans have been around and then I am going to multiply that,발음듣기

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I am going to multiply that, times I am going to multiply that times the number of seconds of regulation play, 2,880 and now drum roll, we get .12, we could round up .13 seconds.발음듣기

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So we get x is equal to, or I could say maybe approximately equal to 0.13 seconds and so, just to imagine if the history of earth were regulation play of an NBA game and let's say this game is kind of, at the end of this game there is a buzzer beater shot that wins the game,발음듣기

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the humans don't show up in the game until the ball has left that final shot taker's hands and it has just about to enter the basket that's when the first humans, 200,000 years ago will show up.발음듣기

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A little over a tenth of a second before the end of the game and since we already have our brains in this mindset, I will throw out another interesting question.발음듣기

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Okay, humans are you know, just a flash that they've actually shown up.발음듣기

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Just as the ball is about to go into the basket, we have a little over a tenth of a second left in the game.발음듣기

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Think about when the dinosaurs went extinct.발음듣기

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I will give you a hint here.발음듣기

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The dinosaurs went extinct.발음듣기

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So we believe an asteroid hit the earth.발음듣기

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So, this kind of a meteorite.발음듣기

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This is a current theory, meteorite hit the earth, mass extinction event 65.5 million years ago.발음듣기

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So if we think of that 65.5 million years ago relative to the history of the earth and if the history of the earth were just regulation play of a basketball game, when did that happen?발음듣기

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Well, once again let's get our calculator out.발음듣기

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What fraction of the earth's history ago was this?발음듣기

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65.5 million, I could write this as 65.5 times 10 to the 6th, which is that and then I'll just divide that by 4.54 billion years.발음듣기

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So times 10 to the 9th and so this is the fraction of earth's history that has happened since the extinction of the dinosaurs.발음듣기

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So a little more, about a percent and a half of earth's history has happened since the extinction of the dinosaurs 65.5 million years ago and if we are talking about a basketball game,발음듣기

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let's just multiply that times the number of seconds in a basketball game, 2,880 and we get about 41 seconds.발음듣기

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So with less than a minute left in the 4th quarter is when the meteorite hits the earth.발음듣기

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