Correggio, Jupiter and Io

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Correggio, Jupiter and Io발음듣기

(piano playing) Steven: Hera, Zeus's wife, was really jealous.발음듣기

Beth: And with very good reason, he was often fooling around.발음듣기

Steven: He would take on disguises to help him get away with his escapades.발음듣기

Beth: To hide from Hera's jealous gaze.발음듣기

One time he took the form of a swan, another time of an eagle.발음듣기

Steven: And in this painting by Correggio, Io and Jupiter, he's not becoming something else so much as enveloping himself in a dark cloud, even though it's bright daylight.발음듣기

Beth: And here he is embracing the beautiful nymph Io.발음듣기

And you can just make out his face in that fog and his hand embracing her.발음듣기

Steven: It creates this wonderful sense of softness, even though it's just light, it's just paint.발음듣기

We get this cottony, billowy cloud that surrounds him and envelopes both of them.발음듣기

Beth: Correggio's obviously looked at Leonardo and thought about Sfumato and those kinds of softening of edges.발음듣기

Steven: But when combined with his background as a Venetian painter, thinking about light, thinking about color, you get this tour de force.발음듣기

Beth: This was commissioned by Federico the Second, the Duke of Mantua, a member of the very powerful and wealthy Gonzaga family, for a room dedicated to the loves of Jupiter.발음듣기

Steven: So this is a subject that was quite famous because of the poetry of Ovid, something that during the Renaissance was being revived.발음듣기

Ovid was a classical writer, an ancient Roman writer.발음듣기

Beth: This painting along with it's pendant which is hanging next to it of The Abduction of Ganymede were both gifts to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles the Fifth.발음듣기

And paintings showing Zeus, or Jupiter, flattered the power of rulers like the Duke of Mantua and the Holy Roman Emperor.발음듣기

Steven: And actually it was the Holy Roman Emperor who had made that Gonzaga a duke.발음듣기

Let's focus though on the painting of Jupiter and Io.발음듣기

Beth: We have a very vertical composition and Io, seen from behind, tilting her head back.발음듣기

Look at her left arm, embracing the mist, bringing it toward her.발음듣기

Steven: Correggio has created light that seems to take on substance.발음듣기

Beth: The light is fabulous.발음듣기

Look at the dappled sunlight on her calf and the back of her heel and then on the front of her foot and along her back and her arms.발음듣기

He's really capturing the warmth.발음듣기

Look at the way that the sheet that's under and behind her pours around her body.발음듣기

Steven: But that feels so much more clarified and visually sharp compared to her flesh which is even softer in contrast.발음듣기

You had mentioned the way in which she was giving herself up to him.발음듣기

She's going to push her body up towards him, on the balls of her feet.발음듣기

Beth: Right, that return of Jupiter's embrace.발음듣기

Steven: So this is a painting that is over the top with its sensuality.발음듣기

Beth: It really is.발음듣기

She leans her head back, she opens her mouth.발음듣기

Her right hand, her fingers open up also as though she's taking him in, her body almost melts downward.발음듣기

You can feel the next moment.발음듣기

Her flesh is so soft and her skin is so porcelain like and lovely, and I feel as though Correggio has offset that with this roots and moss and trees and mud and the water below her so that her flesh seems even more perfect.발음듣기

Steven: So as she's offset by the earthly, Zeus or Jupiter, is offset by the brilliant sky above and so you have this clarity and this notion of the heavens.발음듣기

As opposed to her earthly sphere as a nymph.발음듣기

Beth: And you can see how Correggio is going to be very important for later Baroque artists.발음듣기

The way that Io gives herself up to a kind of ecstatic experience, foreshadows what we'll see with Bernini, for example in St. Teresa in Ecstasy.발음듣기

Steven: So there is this willingness to completely embrace emotion as opposed to the more intellectual pursuits of the Renaissance. (piano playing)발음듣기

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