Tlatilco figurines

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Tlatilco figurines발음듣기

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[Voiceover] We're in the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City, and we're looking at some of the most extraordinary little clay figurines that were from a village in this area in the Valley of Mexico, about 3,000 years ago.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] The name of the town was Tlatilco and it had hundreds of burials where you find these amazing figurines.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] The figurines have extraordinary variety but they give us an insight into what was important to people 3,000 years ago.발음듣기

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What they made and then had themselves buried with.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] What we're seeing at Tlatilco is one of the earliest developments of a wide array of objects that display this very advanced visual expression.발음듣기

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And so right now we're standing in front of a series of figurines of individuals with two faces or two heads.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] The double-headed figures come in a whole variety.발음듣기

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There's one at Princeton University that I'm particularly in love with.발음듣기

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Because it has bifurcated face with two noses, two mouths, but only three eyes.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And it's a very representative type of Tlatilco female figurine, where you have the narrow waist, the broad hips, traces of paint on the face, on the incised hair.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Now this is clay and it would've been incised with a sharp instrument to create, for instance, the lines of the hair, and pinched to created forms like the nose.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] You typically see red, yellow or black pigment, and then decorations where you had roller stamps, where you could roll designs over the various surfaces.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Some of the figures that we're seeing here don't actually have a combined double face, but have two heads.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] One of the figurines that we're looking at right now you have a single body, so only two legs, two arms, two breasts, but then two individual heads.발음듣기

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And we see a variety of these here, that are relating to this idea of duality.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] We really don't know what this means, because we don't have a written record to go with this.발음듣기

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We've got the objects themselves. 발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And this is a great example of where the visual archaeological record is one of the main ways in which we're able to know about this culture.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] I'm really taken by this small, clay object that is a single, mask-like form, but is bifurcated, that is, divided right down the middle.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] On the left, you see the face alive, and on the right side, a skeletonized face.발음듣기

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So basically, the de-fleshed, dead face.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] So duality can have lots of different meanings.발음듣기

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I think in the 21st century, when we use that term we're often thinking about a kind of East-Asian notion of duality, of the yin and the yang.발음듣기

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But here in Mexico, what do we know about duality in later cultures, where we do have a better record?발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Well, if we're kind of making broad generalizations around this idea of duality.발음듣기

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The idea of life and death paired together might relate to the cycle of life.발음듣기

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It's through death that life is able to continue.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] So we usually think about life and then death.발음듣기

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And you're saying that people in Mesoamerica thought also about death and then life?발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Exactly, that there is this concept that you see consistently about the cycle of life, and this idea of regeneration and rebirth.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] As I look at this mask, and it's too small to be worn, it would actually fit comfortably in the palm of my hand, the right side is terrifying.발음듣기

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It is this skull with that wide, open eye.발음듣기

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And it's almost as if we see the grinning of the teeth.발음듣기

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But on the left side, it's also unnerving because it is almost a kind of animal-like face.발음듣기

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And the tongue is sticking out below the teeth.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] The lip has been pulled open as if it is this grimace, which to us reads as threatening or a little terrifying.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And it's important to remember that this was found in a burial.발음듣기

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We don't know if it was originally intended for a burial but that's where it ended up.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] What we find in most in most of these Tlatilco figurines are scenes of daily life and very humorous or charming figurines.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] There is that small infant in what looks to be a crib, a woman who seems to be kissing a small dog, and another that cradles the dog.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Now these are some of my favorites.발음듣기

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Here we see not only people in daily life but people engaged in types of activities that are truly more intimate.발음듣기

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That you don't see as frequently throughout Mesoamerican art.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] It's interesting what you're saying because there's so much that carries from the early cultures to the later cultures, but that's not true here.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] We know that in some ways Tlatilco is contemporary with Olmec civilization.발음듣기

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Which is considered the mother culture of Mesoamerica.발음듣기

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Tlatilco is not necessarily influencing, at least, as far as we know right now, later cultures in the same way that say, the Olmec are.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And then there are those amazing animal vessels.발음듣기

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They're so plump and playful. 발음듣기

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[Voiceover] So some of my favorite include the head of a fish, or a duck.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] These were settled people? 발음듣기

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[Voiceover] I mean at this point, they're living more sedentary lives here, say in the village of Tlatilco, and so they're able to create ceramics.발음듣기

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More seen here are animals and plants that people are using for food, as much as they are to replicate, in ceramics, this amazing variety of the natural environment that they see before them.발음듣기

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