Dionysiac frieze, Villa of Mysteries, Pompeii발음듣기
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Dionysiac frieze, Villa of Mysteries, Pompeii
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It's a very mysterious room painted with figures engaged in something that we really can't figure out entirely.발음듣기
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The frescoes that we're discussing in this room exist in this large villa overlooking the sea, filled with other frescoes from different periods of Roman wall painting.발음듣기
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They incorporate styles from one period, but then a new room perhaps is constructed or renovated and a new style is added, so it's a bit of a mix.발음듣기
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Male: This villa had one's large windows that looked onto the sea, but if we look toward the sea now, it's actually very distant.발음듣기
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The eruption of Mount Vesuvius added a tremendous amount of shore to the coastline and the Villa of Mysteries is now quite a distance from the beach.발음듣기
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In other words, the underlayer was a mixture of lime plaster that was basically stained with a kind of water color that wouldn't remain on the surface, but would actually stain the full depth of that new plaster.발음듣기
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Once that had dried, sometimes finishing touches would be added with what is called secco fresco, or dry fresco.발음듣기
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Male: These may not have originally been quite as deep when the excavations were first taking place.발음듣기
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This particular fresco cycle had oil and wax added to it to help preserve it, but it actually darkened the color.발음듣기
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Female: The room is entered through a very small door and it has two windows, so that adds to the sense that this was a room that had a special purpose.발음듣기
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These are large-scale figures painted on three walls that we think depicts a Dionysian cult ritual.발음듣기
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At this time, what we call mystery cults, which were religions that came from the east, were not entirely okay.발음듣기
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Female: Right. If you were involved in something like a Dionysian cult or another eastern cult, you had to keep it somewhat secret.발음듣기
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Female: She wears a veil and pulls the veil down around her shoulder and chest and because of the veil, we think that she is a bride.발음듣기
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Male: In fact, we think that this entire ritual that's being rendered on these walls is about mystical marriage to the god Dionysus.발음듣기
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Male: Before we get to him, we see a small child, a boy, who's stark naked and seems to be reading intently from a small scroll.발음듣기
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Female: Behind him is a seated female figure, and then next to her, another female figure who seems to be carrying something which we really can't identify.발음듣기
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Sometimes figures are grouped together, but then other times, figures are alone and seem to be very much in their own world.발음듣기
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Female: When we look toward the feet of the figures, we see a ground that they're standing on.발음듣기
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This division of the wall into horizontal bands and the creation of an illusion of space is part of what we consider second style wall paintings.발음듣기
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Male: Characteristic of second style wall painting, it is as if the room itself is architecturally extended.발음듣기
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It's as if this wall breaks out and there's enough room on a platform for these figures to stand on.발음듣기
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Female: That's right. In the next scene we see a group of figures around a table who are involved in some kind of ritual it seems, although it's very difficult to identify exactly what.발음듣기
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You can kind of see some sort of liquid being poured onto a table top, there's a drape that's being lifted up.발음듣기
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The figure who's facing away from us, look at the way that one of her hips pushes over the stool that she sits on.발음듣기
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There's a bravura illusionism that's extraordinarily successful, and even though her back is facing towards us, we are engaged with her.발음듣기
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The seated figure seems to be looking toward a standing, drunken figure who we've identified as a silenus, or a drunken, older, satyr figure.발음듣기
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Male: And fearfulness, absolutely. Of course that entire upper body is framed beautifully by that cloak that billows in back of her.발음듣기
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It's picked up the wind and look at the way it turns in space, light and shadow are used exquisitely in order to construct that volume in back of her.발음듣기
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Female: She moves toward the right, but she looks back to her left, so there's a sense of reacting and moving away.발음듣기
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Male: Her expression, looking over to the back wall, bridges that gap as we seamlessly move over the corner of the room without even realizing it.발음듣기
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Female: When we think about Dionysus, we think about unbridled pleasure that's indicated in his body as he lounges across the lap of Ariadne, his mortal lover.발음듣기
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Male: He's got his own staff draped over him, but look at the way that the body's beautifully articulated almost completely nude, to his drape is just falling away.발음듣기
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Female: But we do see often images of Dionysus in this pose; sleeping, dreaming, reclining, drunken, awakening 발음듣기
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Female: And as we move toward the right, we see a kneeling figure who is unveiling something under a purple cloth that has just been removed from its case that's on the ground.발음듣기
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One art historian has suggested it might be a rendering of Mount Vesuvius which is visible from just outside this house.발음듣기
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Female: Next to that we have a winged figure who's foreshortened moving towards us, but looking over to her left.발음듣기
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Male: The winged figure's body has this wonderful torsion as she reaches back in order to really get a good strike with that whip.발음듣기
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So just like the back left corner, the artist, whoever it is, and we don't have a name, has been able to bridge that corner seamlessly and we know that the velocity of that whip will move our eye right over to its victim.발음듣기
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The woman's back is exposed, her head is down in the lap of a woman who seems to be comforting her.발음듣기
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Male: Look at the elegance of this figure and the way that her drape creates a crescent that frames her body just beautifully.발음듣기
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Female: We have figures who are in groups together, comforting each other or enacting something together, and then a figure who is isolated or seems to be somewhat separated from that group.발음듣기
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Male: The scene is then interrupted by a large window and concludes with three figures on the right.발음듣기
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Female: And then another figure who's seated, who's doing her hair, being helped by a standing woman.발음듣기
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Perhaps she's already gone through the ritual and is a bride of Dionysus or perhaps she's the next initiate, we really don't know.발음듣기
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