참여번역 : 어학사전

Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli: A virtual tour발음듣기

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[MUSIC PLAYING] BETH HARRIS: Here we are in a virtual world that recreates Hadrian's Villa the way that it looked in the second century AD, created by Dr. Bernie Frischer.발음듣기

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And Bernie, you're here in the virtual world with us.발음듣기

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BERNARD FRISCHER: Yes, I'm really Hadrianos.발음듣기

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You're seeing me right now. So this is really my place.발음듣기

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I built it between 117 and when I died in 138.발음듣기

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And now I've come back to earth and to life to show you around.발음듣기

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BETH HARRIS: And I notice that you have a beard, but I don't think most emperors did before you.발음듣기

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BERNARD FRISCHER: One ancient biographer said it was because I had acne and was trying to hide it, but that is not true.발음듣기

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The real reason is I loved Athens and the Athenian philosophical schools, and all philosophers wore beards.발음듣기

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BETH HARRIS: And here we are in your villa, which is located outside of Rome.발음듣기

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So how long did you work on this?발음듣기

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BERNARD FRISCHER: Really from the moment I became emperor in 117.발음듣기

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I started thinking, wouldn't it be good to have a government retreat, outside of Rome, but near Rome?발음듣기

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And one reason that I thought that was that, unfortunately, in my early days as emperor, in 117, I had to put three senators to death.발음듣기

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So that always made me a little bit sheepish about being in Rome.발음듣기

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BETH HARRIS: How big is this villa?발음듣기

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BERNARD FRISCHER: Well, you would say about 200, 250 acres.발음듣기

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And there are 30 major building complexes.발음듣기

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I was an amateur architect, and I just kept building and building.발음듣기

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I was a bit of a maniac when it came to building.발음듣기

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My predecessor and relative's chief architect, Apollodorus of Damascus, said some very unkind things about a building I designed in Rome, so I forced him to commit suicide.발음듣기

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But that just shows how much I loved architecture.발음듣기

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BETH HARRIS: There are libraries here.발음듣기

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There are temples. There are living quarters. There are baths.발음듣기

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BERNARD FRISCHER: There are sculpture gardens, ponds, and fountains.발음듣기

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There are dining halls, indoor winter dining halls, and outdoor summer dining halls.발음듣기

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So you really can have a good time here all year round.발음듣기

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And it's kind of a city in miniature, Rome in miniature.발음듣기

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BETH HARRIS: This was fabulously decorated.발음듣기

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BERNARD FRISCHER: None of that lower class painted fresco for me.발음듣기

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We used only cut marble on the walls and on the floors.발음듣기

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And we brought in marbles from all over the empire to use here.발음듣기

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Even we're now looking at this obelisk right in front of me, granite from Egypt.발음듣기

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This is somehow expressive of the power of Rome in all of its wealth and resources.발음듣기

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BETH HARRIS: Could you take us on a tour, some of the highlights of your villa?발음듣기

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BERNARD FRISCHER: I would be happy to do that.발음듣기

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So just follow me, and we'll go out to a road that's in front.발음듣기

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We can see at the end of the road is a big structure, called the vestibule by you moderns that was the receiving area for all important guests coming from Rome.발음듣기

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And you know, when you arrive, you tend to be a bit grimy and tired, so right next to the vestibule, we put a beautiful bath building.발음듣기

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And then when you finished bathing, you could have a meal.발음듣기

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And then if I did receive you, it would have been in one of the many audience halls in the villa.발음듣기

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This is a hall that could actually have held hundreds of people.발음듣기

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And the villa, in its heyday, for example, when the Senate visited me out here, could've had hundreds of guests.발음듣기

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This is the very first reception hall.발음듣기

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BETH HARRIS: I notice these lovely views when I look through the doorways and the windows.발음듣기

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BERNARD FRISCHER: I'm very interested in views and I'm very interested in directing the gaze of the viewer to what I want him or her to see.발음듣기

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Right now we're looking straight ahead at a very famous part of the villa which, I think, occurs in many textbooks of your young students.발음듣기

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It's called the Canopus. And I put one of my most creative pieces of architecture there.발음듣기

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It's actually a curved colonnade, and the part of the colonnade above the columns, we call the architrave.발음듣기

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It's actually arched. Underneath the arches, I put some of my favorite statues.발음듣기

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I wanted to make sure that even at the moment of arrival, my important visitors would be able to see and admire my design.발음듣기

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BETH HARRIS: And the sculpture that decorated the villa, this is all inspired by ancient Greek sculpture, but also some ancient Egyptian sculpture.발음듣기

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BERNARD FRISCHER: I had copies made of my favorite types of Egyptian, and Greek, and even Roman sculpture.발음듣기

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But I also commissioned some new pieces.발음듣기

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I had two highly talented sculptors who worked for me I brought from Aphrodisias-- in the middle of modern day Turkey-- Papus and Aristeas.발음듣기

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And they made some beautiful pieces I am told are still well preserved today and can be seen in the Capitoline Museum.발음듣기

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BETH HARRIS: Could you take us to see the so-called Canopus?발음듣기

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BERNARD FRISCHER: I'd be happy to.발음듣기

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We're down in the Canopus at the end looking toward one of my very favorite parts of the villa, the so-called Serapeum, the temple of Serapis.발음듣기

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This is not a temple at all, really, but an outdoor dining area where we love to eat in the summer.발음듣기

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So I mentioned that after you arrive in the vestibule and bathe, you might be invited to an audience with me, but you also might be invited directly to dine with me.발음듣기

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You can see how I cleverly designed this place to be very refreshing, because it's filled with cascades of water from my own private aqueduct.발음듣기

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The semi-circular structure right in front of us is a so-called stibadium.발음듣기

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It's a big couch. And we could have 20 or 30 diners banqueting with us on that couch.발음듣기

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Of course, we would put down our cushions.발음듣기

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Right now, you're looking at a colonnade with Corinthian capitals.발음듣기

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One thing you don't see is something I loved and that I revived in other parts of the villa, the Doric order.발음듣기

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Not so frequently used in Roman imperial architecture where everything before me tended to be Corinthian, but I love the Doric order, as well.발음듣기

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Again, it reminds me of Athens and Greece.발음듣기

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BETH HARRIS: I also heard you were a religious man.발음듣기

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BERNARD FRISCHER: I am. There's no one more religious than me.발음듣기

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After all, I am a future god, and therefore have to maintain respect for the gods.발음듣기

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I built temples all over the place, including right here at the villa.발음듣기

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BETH HARRIS: Should we go visit one?발음듣기

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BERNARD FRISCHER: So we've just teleported from the Serapeum to the so-called Roccabruna.발음듣기

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That's just a modern name. On top is a temple in the Doric order.발음듣기

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But even more interesting is the sanctuary of the goddess Isis that I put in a rotunda below.발음듣기

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If you look around the sanctuary, there we can see the priest.발음듣기

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We have a rotunda here that's actually 2/3 the size of the Pantheon.발음듣기

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The candelabra that we see in front of us are decorated with bases that have images pertaining to the cult of Isis.발음듣기

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We can see in front of us the statue of Isis, which is now in a museum in Rome.발음듣기

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Isis was the queen of heaven.발음듣기

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As such, she rules over not only the earth, but the sky.발음듣기

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And her festival in Rome was on the summer solstice.발음듣기

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We turn our clock back to the summer solstice at sunset.발음듣기

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And now we look at the statue.발음듣기

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We can see how I have aligned the statue in the niche exactly so that at sunset it would be all lit up on the summer solstice.발음듣기

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BETH HARRIS: That's fabulous. And there's a frescoed ceiling in the dome?발음듣기

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BERNARD FRISCHER: There is. The ceiling had a dome of heaven motif that I put in with the sun god on his chariot at the peak of the dome, the zodiac at the lower register of the dome.발음듣기