Empire: Medea Sarcophagus

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Empire: Medea Sarcophagus발음듣기

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Now, this is one of the earliest heavily carved sarcophagi, at a time when burials were just beginning in ancient Rome.발음듣기

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Before that usually the bodies of the deceased were cremated.발음듣기

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So this is a really early carved sarcophagus, and it's a real show-stopper.발음듣기

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So it's marble, and it's deeply carved.발음듣기

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It's relief sculpture, but the figures are almost carved in the round in many places.발음듣기

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The sarcophagus tells the tragedy of Jason and Medea.발음듣기

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And this comes down to us from a play by Euripides.발음듣기

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The story is read from left to right, and it tells the story in four parts.발음듣기

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On the extreme left is this magnificent rendering of Jason.발음듣기

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You might be familiar with the story of Jason and the Argonauts, and Jason stealing the Golden Fleece -- with the help of the king's daughter, and the king by the way was the owner of the Golden Fleece, Jason is able to make off with it.발음듣기

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In the meantime the king's daughter, Medea, fell in love with Jason, and she fled with him back to Greece with the Golden Fleece. and they lived happily together for 10 years.발음듣기

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The problem came when Jason decided he wanted to leave Medea and marry someone else - Creusa.발음듣기

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We see Jason on the far left, looking down at his two children, who are bringing Creusa, his new bride, their bridal gift from Medea - a beautiful crown and a sumptuous gown.발음듣기

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The problem was that Medea was extremely jealous of Jason's new wife.발음듣기

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And although she seems to accept this new fate, and in fact gives Jason these presents, she was plotting her revenge.발음듣기

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And so Creusa looks down at the two children.발음듣기

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She's in her father's palace.발음듣기

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We see some garlands and columns in the background.발음듣기

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She looks regal. She is enthroned.발음듣기

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And just look at the beautiful carving and the way in which her body is revealed by the almost wet drapery there, which might recall an earlier Greek style.발음듣기

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Her left arm reaches back behind her and overlaps with the next scene where we see Jason again.발음듣기

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And in this scene we see the climax of the story.발음듣기

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The garments that the children have brought to Creusa are really a present from Medea.발음듣기

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And as soon as Creusa puts them on they burn Creusa to death.발음듣기

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Her father tries to save her and is burned to death as well.발음듣기

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So we have the unfolding of this terrible plot, this terrible kind of revenge.발음듣기

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And Jason looks on from the left.발음듣기

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The father pulls his hair out as he watches his daughter burn.발음듣기

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Creusa forms this remarkable figure.발음듣기

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Her arms lifted. her hair streams behind her.발음듣기

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Her drapery almost reads as flames enveloping her.발음듣기

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There's a real sense of desperation.발음듣기

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And look at the way her palms are opened up towards us.발음듣기

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Her mouth opens a little bit wider, and there really does seem to be this sense of horror, this sense of desperation.발음듣기

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Parts of this are carved so deeply, for example her arm is completely removed from the background.발음듣기

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And so she really emerges as an almost complete three-dimensional figure.발음듣기

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It's exceptional carving.발음듣기

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The sense of emotion.발음듣기

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The sense of intensity.발음듣기

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The sense of action, even though this is a piece of stone.발음듣기

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In the third scene out of four, we see Medea looking down at her two children, who are carelessly playing ball.발음듣기

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But this is not an innocent moment for Medea because she's already plotting to kill them.발음듣기

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In her revenge for Jason she kills her own children.발음듣기

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So we really see the tragedy deepening here. Look at her face.발음듣기

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There is this sense of action in her hands as she pulls the sword from its sheath.발음듣기

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But she seems to cock her head down in a mournful way.발음듣기

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In this last scene we see Medea. She's able to escape thanks to the intervention of the God Helios, who lends her his chariot and flies her away.발음듣기

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And you can see her actually being lifted off the ground, her body forming a diagonal, with one of her dead children over her left shoulder and the other child's legs are visible in the chariot below.발음듣기

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You know, the story is so intense.발음듣기

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One wonders why this would be chosen for a sarcophagus.발음듣기

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It was common for Greek mythology to be illustrated on sarcophagi.발음듣기

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But this tragic story of Medea. Why would you choose that?발음듣기

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One thought is that the person who died, whose sarcophagus this was, had died before her own marriage and would be unable to have children herself.발음듣기

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And so perhaps a kind of personal tragedy that can be expressed in mythological form in this classic narrative from Euripides.발음듣기

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A conversation between Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker in from of Medea Sarcophagus. c. 140 B.C.E. (Altes Museum, Berlin) 발음듣기

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