Perfect Aspect

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Perfect Aspect발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Hello grammarians, today I want to talk to you about the idea of the perfect aspect of verbs.발음듣기

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And what that means is that it's not, you know, beyond reproach, or that it's like beautiful and shiny.발음듣기

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No, no, no, no, no.발음듣기

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What it means is really that whatever we're talking about, whatever action we are talking about is complete.발음듣기

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So we use the perfect aspect in all tenses to illustrate when something has been completed prior to the present moment.발음듣기

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So when we talk about the present, we're talking about one point: now.발음듣기

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But when we're using, when we use aspect, it enables us to talk about a period between then and now.발음듣기

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You're speaking in the now referring to a point previous.발음듣기

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So we could say, using the perfect, the way you form the perfect is you simply add have and then you use the past form of the verb.발음듣기

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So if my assignment, for example, were to wash some dishes, when the dishes were complete, I would say to the person that told me to wash the dishes, "I have washed the dishes."발음듣기

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So I'm using the present tense form of to have, and the past tense form of washed.발음듣기

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So as with the progressive aspect, the thing that changes is the helper verb.발음듣기

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This part, the main verb, does not change.발음듣기

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It remains in the past tense, even if we're talking about the present or the future.발음듣기

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The part that changes is have.발음듣기

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So if we want to put this story in the past, you know, talk about a period that is "then" but also say that we washed the dishes at a period before then, right, before the moment in the past that we're talking about, if that makes sense, we would say, I had washed the dishes."발음듣기

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And if we want to talk about something in the future that happens before that future moment but after now, we would use the future perfect to say, "I will have washed the dishes."발음듣기

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And that's what the perfect aspect allows us to do.발음듣기

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It allows us to travel backward in time a little bit extra.발음듣기

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It allows us to say, oh, well, before the point in the story that I'm mentioning, this thing was already completed.발음듣기

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So the perfect enables us to say, here is a thing that happened in the past, here is a verb action that has completed in the past prior to the moment I'm talking about.발음듣기

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So to recap, the perfect refers to something finished.발음듣기

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You can learn anything, David out.발음듣기

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