Norman Rockwell, Rosie the Riveter

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Norman Rockwell, Rosie the Riveter발음듣기

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(piano music) [Voiceover] We're at the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art looking at an American icon, Norman Rockwell's painting of Rosie the Riveter from 1943.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] We see this woman who is muscular and tough and wearing goggles, and eating a ham sandwich, and wearing denim overalls that iconic image of the support that women lent on the home front for World War II.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Thousands and thousands of women entered the workforce during the war.발음듣기

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Men went to serve in the war and women served their country by going to work taking the place of men.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] If you're able to see a picture of the woman who sat as Rockwell's model for Rosie, she was much more feminine, but he marries her face with the Prophet Isaiah that is at the top of the Sistine Chapel.발음듣기

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That figure that Michelangelo created was this incredibly muscular figure, so in a way this is a male figure onto which a female head and then also a more voluptuous body is created.발음듣기

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He also uses that point of view that Michelangelo used so well.발음듣기

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Having us the viewer look up at the figure.발음듣기

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Anytime that you're looking from below it makes the figure loom larger.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And that machine she's carrying, the riveter that she used to construct airplanes, it looks heavy.발음듣기

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It looks like she must have been very strong to carry that and to do her job.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] You get the sense that she has the power.발음듣기

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Both the physical power, but also the grit to be successful.발음듣기

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I love the way that she is holding her lunchbox, which gives us her name, Rosie.발음듣기

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She is almost holding it like an animal claw, going over it, that is again so strong.발음듣기

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She's on her lunch in this picture, but there is nothing relaxed about her.발음듣기

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She is on a mission and she is never going to waver.발음듣기

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We have the stars and stripes reminding us her reason for taking on this work.발음듣기

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At the same time, if you look at her feet, and she's wearing such an American pair of loafers.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Oh, and I love her socks.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Don't you love her socks.발음듣기

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And you can just really feel the texture of them, but she is standing and crushing a copy of Mein Kampf.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] That was a book that Hitler wrote explaining his anti-Semitic ideology and his plans for Germany.발음듣기

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But what's interesting for me too is that riveter, that machine, and the hose that comes out of it almost reads like a serpent.발음듣기

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There is a passage in Isaiah where he refers to the serpent, and of course this is a symbol of evil.발음듣기

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So we have a sense of her righteousness, her patriotism, her desire to serve her country, and also, to stamp out Nazi ideology.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] That riveting drill has overcome that serpent like shape and basically brought it under control.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And well also when you said that idea of it being on her lap, I thought immediately of images from the Renaissance, of a Madonna and child.발음듣기

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But here no child but a machine.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] Where that takes me is to thinking about how this painting is created in 1943, America's increasing connection to the war, lending that power that would allow the Germans to be defeated was really coming into its own at this moment.발음듣기

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We see the home version of what's helping that happen.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] I just want to through in my favorite part, which is what's tucked into her pocket, because in all of her strength and all of the way that she reads in a masculine way, she's got a compact and handkerchief.발음듣기

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She's working in this job that is traditionally a man's job, wearing man's clothing, and these masculine looking shoes and socks.발음듣기

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She's not forgetting her femininity.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] I love the fact that it looks like she's just put on her lipstick.발음듣기

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And even in the pose it has an elegance that does have a feminine twist to it.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] You can sense that the paint was applied very thinly.발음듣기

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You can see the texture of the canvas underneath as though Rockwell seems to have chosen a canvas that was especially course in its weave.발음듣기

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So her roughness and her ability to tough it out, and to do what her country needs, fits with the surface that this was painted on.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] It allowed Rockwell to get that feeling of blue jean denim without having to actually paint the texture.발음듣기

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Another detail that I just love in this painting is the row of buttons.발음듣기

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You see a Red Cross pin.발음듣기

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You also see a V for victory pin.발음듣기

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You see some other buttons that relate to supporting organizations that were lending help.발음듣기

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Particularly those that women were engaged in for the war.발음듣기

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But here they also act has her jewelry.발음듣기

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In another circumstance, if she had had on her white cotton blouse and her skirt, she would have probably had on a necklace to go with, but here the organizational buttons provide that.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] And it's funny that you said that, because I was just thinking about how overalls are fashionable today, and how unusual this would have been.발음듣기

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To see a woman wearing clothing like this.발음듣기

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This must have been shocking in a way that I think is hard for us to recapture today.발음듣기

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[Voiceover] There's so many things that were overturned during this World War II period as far as what was acceptable for women to do.발음듣기

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It's interesting because after the war there was a real tension and real challenges.발음듣기

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Particularly in the workplace, because women proved that they could do the job of men.발음듣기

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When you had veterans coming home, who of course wanted their jobs back, there was on the one hand this great freedom that women felt, and they really felt that they could go on and do so many more things than say in the pre-war era, but at the same time there was a conversation around what really is a woman's proper place.발음듣기

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[Rosie, Rosie, Rosie. The riveter On the assembly line]발음듣기

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