Increasing political battles over slavery in mid 1800s발음듣기
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Increasing political battles over slavery in mid 1800s
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[Voiceover] So Kim, in the last video we started talking about how slavery has been an issue in the United States really since its founding with the Revolutionary War.발음듣기
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This was a particularly famous image that really kind of helped spark indignation in the North among Abolitionists 'cause you can see how this person was beaten or whipped.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] So it's kind of, you know, and today we all think it's morally reprehensible thing but you go back not too far in the whole scope of history.발음듣기
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And in the last video, we talked about that this issue of slavery only got exacerbated the more territory that was added.발음듣기
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Once you get a critical population, a critical mass of people in a certain state they can apply to be, or in a certain territory, they can apply to be a state.발음듣기
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And as each of these states are added, and they want to get representation, it's a political issue.발음듣기
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You mentioned how the North, they didn't like it on moral grounds and if it was a slave state.발음듣기
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And they also didn't like it on economic grounds 'cause it's hard to compete economically with slavery.발음듣기
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While the South was afraid of losing its political power if more free states were to join the Union.발음듣기
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And the Compromise of 1820, you mentioned that well that compromise, Missouri is a slave state.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] Yeah, I mean most of the history of the 1800s, when it comes to slavery, is a history of putting off the problem.발음듣기
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So, instead of trying to actually solve the issue of slavery, which many people think of as an unsolvable problem.발음듣기
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They're just saying, "All right, well how can we put off a conflict over this a little bit longer?"발음듣기
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[Voiceover] Right, yeah so again, this is an area in the South where most of the reasons that slavery existed in the South is because it's a very fertile agricultural region, right?발음듣기
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[Voiceover] And the annexation of Texas, there's war disputes with Mexico which leads to even, another conflict with Mexico.발음듣기
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But in the context of this conversation, the reason why it helped bring the slavery issue even more to a head, is that when the US wins it, it gets even more territory.발음듣기
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And it's more sort of Southern territory which means that it has a high probability of becoming slave states.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] And so, this map that we looked at earlier in the other video, this is kind of showing what the US looked like as we exit out the Mexican-American War.발음듣기
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As soon as the US goes to war with Mexico, people in Congress are wondering, "All right, if we get this territory that we're trying to get, what's going to happen?발음듣기
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And this compromise over free and slave states has been going on for 30 years since the Missouri Compromise.발음듣기
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They're saying, "All right, well let's try to keep a balance of power between free states and slave states."발음듣기
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[Voiceover] Both I would say, slave-owners and Abolitionists and anti-slavery activists in the North.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] One of the parts of the Compromise of 1850, apart from deciding whether these new territories were going to be slave or free was a part of the Act, was called the Fugitive Slave Act.발음듣기
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And the Fugitive Slave Act said that it was a federal offense not to help slave owners recover...발음듣기
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So for example, if you're maybe living in Massachusetts, you're a white middle-class person living in Massachusetts, you don't think slavery is great.발음듣기
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But now, the federal government says that if there is a person who has escaped from slavery who has come to your town, it is a federal offense for you not to help return that person to slavery.발음듣기
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Is that I could be sitting in Massachusetts, I could be anti-slavery or I could even be ambivalent about it.발음듣기
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Or if there's someone who's escapes from the South who is a former slave, I have to actively, I can't in any way help them.발음듣기
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So it's kind of forcing people who are already not happy about slavery, it's kind of bringing it close to them.발음듣기
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Who have maybe prayed for the souls of slaves, but it's never been their job to try to keep someone in slavery before.발음듣기
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One of the things you get out this is a really strong backlash of Abolitionist sentiment in the North.발음듣기
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The people in the North, they're having to partake in this because of the Fugitive Slave Act.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] Right, and in the South, they've kind of gotten away, white slave owners in this time with people saying, "Ya know, "slavery's not really my problem.발음듣기
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But now they're seeing a concentrated attack, a moral and social attack against slavery in the North.발음듣기
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They pose the idea that slavery is not just something that we could turn our eyes away from, but it's necessary.발음듣기
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If it weren't for slavery, all of these enslaved Africans, African-Americans, their lives would be worse without us.발음듣기
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And there was a bunch of things, we went into a whole video on the Compromise of 1850, all of the different facets of it.발음듣기
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But it's one of its, in terms of this conversation, one of its outcomes is because of the Fugitive Slave Law.발음듣기
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They became more entrenched in their positions which made the Southerners more entrenched in their positions.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] Yeah absolutely. So it makes the anti-slavery folks super unhappy, but it also means that now white slave owners in the South, they feel like there's a target on their heads.발음듣기
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And so, they're going to dig in even further to make sure that their interests in slavery are protected.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] And this gets us to the election of 1860 which I guess in some ways was the straw that breaks the camel's back, I guess from a Southern perspective.발음듣기
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But obviously, in 1860, the things that they're interested in, their goals and aims are completely different.발음듣기
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So, they nominate as their political candidate for 1860, Abraham Lincoln who is well-known in the country for having been an anti-slavery agitator.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] He's, we talked about in the previous video, he's against it, I guess on moral grounds.발음듣기
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But perhaps even more, his old father wasn't able to be a successful farmer because he had to compete with slave owners.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] Right, so he's brought up to hate slavery because it's a big business that has harmed his own family's economic future.발음듣기
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What he doesn't think that he can do as president is legally or constitutionally, get rid of slavery.발음듣기
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But, he is seen as enough of a threat by Southerners that in many cases, on the presidential ballots in 1860, you couldn't even vote for Abraham Lincoln if you wanted to.발음듣기
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[Voiceover] And then that's what takes us into the real meat of, you know, catalyzes the Civil War.발음듣기
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