Drew Houston - CEO and Founder of Dropbox발음듣기
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Drew Houston - CEO and Founder of Dropbox
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But, you know, the way I view these things, it's definitely for our team to kind of meet and talk to really interesting people in Silicon Valley and beyond.발음듣기
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But also for kind of just the general Khan Academy user base out there to kind of get exposure to really interesting people in Silicon Valley and beyond.발음듣기
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And with that lens, I always kind of think of myself when I was 12 or 13 years old and I used to watch Johnny Carson.발음듣기
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When you were a kid, what did you see yourself doing or becoming, and how did you try to set that up?발음듣기
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And my dad - So first I would just play computer games on it but a couple years later my dad got - Showed me how there's this thing on the computer called Basic, and so I was lucky they showed me how to write some of my first lines of code when I was like really, really little.발음듣기
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And so as you can imagine, it turns out when you're little like that, you have a lot of free time on your hands.발음듣기
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And so that was actually why I wanted to learn programming is to learn how to make games, how these things worked.발음듣기
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And like sort of my exploration of how the computer worked, I would figure out if there's the files and like when I save a game, like I can go into that file and like give myself 32,767 lives, you know?발음듣기
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I was 12, maybe 11 and like I would - The parents would leave, I'd put the kids to bed and then I was very good at watching HBO.발음듣기
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And then like trying to like - And then sometimes I'd be watching something I probably shouldn't be watching.발음듣기
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There'd be like shooting or bad words and I was very good at listening for when the key went in the lock when the parents got home.발음듣기
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Anyway this has nothing to do with starting a company but then I got a little bit of an upgrade on the job front.발음듣기
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And so I started getting restless and curious and started poking around under the hood of this game, and I found all these security holes.발음듣기
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But then I'm like guys - I sent them an email and I'm like guys you should fix this, you should fix this, and you shouldn't have done this this way.발음듣기
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But then, fortunately, as you learn, there's a lot of other things in life beyond like Unreal Tournament which are really interesting. Beyond what?발음듣기
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It helped that the guy before you really set a new low in terms of commencement speech quality.발음듣기
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And I think it kind of hit this issue of you didn't plan on being Dropbox founder, but you did think you were going to be an entrepreneur.발음듣기
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It seems like while you were in college, you were constantly thinking about starting a business of some kind.발음듣기
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I'm like what am I supposed - I start like Googling excessively for every commencement speech ever given before.발음듣기
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Anyway so no I did plan to be - I always was excited about doing something that was my own thing.발음듣기
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Whether it was making a computer game, or eventually as I learned more about business and starting a company, I was always it just turned out that I joined start ups as an engineer or like an intern when I was little.발음듣기
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But that then gave me - That experience let me get a job at a local company that was another start up.발음듣기
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But yeah in the summers I would take classes and every summer I would go work at - First couple years it was the company that I worked at in high school.발음듣기
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And the one thing that I think is mysterious for everyone, and even sometimes when people ask me I don't have a clear answer because it's still a little bit mysterious is you know, how do you stumble on this thing that just kind of takes off like wildfire?발음듣기
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Kind of your first start up, which I think you started your junior year, was around SAT, it was called Accolade.발음듣기
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Right so my - You never know where these things are going to go because I mean I think anybody who grows up programming, whether it's programming or something else always tinkering with things.발음듣기
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But this was back in the day where to study for the SAT, you would have to show up at some horrible classroom at like eight in the morning on a Saturday to listen to some 17 year old who didn't want to be there either, and was just reading out of a book.발음듣기
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I mean I just - I don't know I treated the SAT, like one of the things I really like to do is reverse engineer like how things work.발음듣기
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Take things apart, so whether that's more typical stuff like the kind of tinkering that kids do or like, you know, one of my - Or finding all the security problems in that game.발음듣기
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When I started working on the SAT, or had to study for it, I was like how does this thing work?발음듣기
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And so you can, as you know, there are all these little tricks and little patterns you can take advantage of, and I'm like okay the really hard thing about the verbal section is the vocab.발음듣기
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Because in general, you can teach someone how to do a sentence completion without even really teaching them.발음듣기
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So when I was 16, I wrote all this software to do kind of flash cards and adapt and remember which ones I was getting right, and which ones I was getting wrong and things like that.발음듣기
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And then the SAT changed, and I had a friend of mine who was a teacher who had his own SAT course.발음듣기
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As a result of all this reverse engineering the SAT, and studying a lot for it, I got a 1600 so we had all like the boxes checked for the parents and we're like we know how this works.발음듣기
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So that, it was really just seeing an opportunity and being like, you know, you don't attach too much of an outcome around it.발음듣기
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It was just sort of like another interesting project and probably the best part of it was really just having an excuse to learn about business in like a rigorous way.발음듣기
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And when I mean a rigorous way I mean I didn't know anything about sales or marketing or finance or any of these subjects.발음듣기
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And then like find the top three rated or most popular sales books and just read them, and repeat that.발음듣기
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Reading about business is probably the most important thing that's prepared me for running Dropbox.발음듣기
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But I find this transition is kind of the most interesting one is, you know, what - You were working on this for two years I think.발음듣기
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So it was super interesting in the beginning because like, you know, and when you first get to work, you know, you get down to such important orders of business of like alright I gotta Photoshop a logo and print out business cards that say founder on them and other very important things.발음듣기
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And which was good but so I think with my first company, neither of us knew what we were doing at all.발음듣기
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And was just a lot of kind of manual labor around like I was - We were too cheap to get like employees, so we weren't making any money.발음듣기
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It was like me and I just still remember having to like force myself to like write these math questions and draw these diagrams and be like alright where did the train leave from last time?발음듣기
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It was just more like we were putting a lot of effort into it and not seeing a lot of return.발음듣기
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And then what happened was I had a friend of mine who started a company and did things a little bit more properly.발음듣기
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But then what happened was I actually started - I would find these little side projects and I started working on a poker bot.발음듣기
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Like my parents would ask, had me come up to New Hampshire because we have like a little place.발음듣기
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And so but it turned out - You never know how these things are going to sort of all line up.발음듣기
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But I was still working on the SAT prep company and my friend Adam who I mentioned moved to San Francisco.발음듣기
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And next thing I know, he's two years younger than me, but next phone call I get from him he's like hey I've raised 5 million dollars.발음듣기
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And then one time I lost, I left my thumb drive at home so I couldn't get any work done for my company.발음듣기
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And this sort of non PR, like the director's cut version of sort of the Dropbox origin story.발음듣기
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And I left my thumb drive behind and I'm just like I hate - You know, what do you do in these situation?발음듣기
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But I had this three gigabyte Linux virtual machine image that I need to keep in sync across all these computers.발음듣기
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And like nothing, there are a million things that claim to solve this problem and none of em actually did.발음듣기
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So it was really personal frustration that lead me to open up the editor and start writing some code that eventually turned into Dropbox.발음듣기
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And you know, I think this is an important moment because a lot of times when your read about Dropbox, you'll say oh yeah he had the idea of sharing files across multiple devices and all of that, but whenever I realize like you know that - What's amazing is that the idea is actually a very old idea.발음듣기
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In fact almost anyone who's worked on data storage or anything has for the last 40 years has been trying to do this.발음듣기
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A lot of really smart people have kind of tried to do, as you mentioned, maybe even launched companies on it.발음듣기
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What was kind of going on in your head that convinced you that no look I think the path that I'm about to take on this problem is going to be the one that works.발음듣기
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Well it was just so clear from trying all the other things that like there are 100 things that claim to solve this on paper, but in practice they never really worked.발음듣기
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And you know, at school, at MIT, they've sometimes you have like a campus network or a sort of hardcore Unixy kind of way of solving this problem but like for a Windows computer, or for like a MacBook, you know, you're stuck carrying around a thumb drive, and emailing yourself stuff.발음듣기
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Like look, you know, the problem with all the online drives is these very specific technical things where it's all a big hack where the way the online drives, the idrives, and xdrives, and for every letter there's been a drive.발음듣기
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For all of them, they all worked on the same basic principle which was like okay we're going to trick your applications and operating system into thinking that instead of like when a program writes something to the disk, instead of writing it to the disk inside the laptop, it actually intercepts it, sends it over to the internet to a server somewhere and gets it back.발음듣기
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But the problem is if the server is 100 milliseconds away instead of five milliseconds away like your hard drive or less, then you get all these inexplicable problems because like millions and millions and millions of lines of code were all written with assumption that this thing is like 5, 10 milliseconds away.발음듣기
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And I'm going into detail on this example, but there's like no way you can ever make that work.발음듣기
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And so you need a completely different approach and sort of a hybrid where like you have big and cheap and fast storage locally and on a server, but it's like two swimming pools connected by a straw, right?발음듣기
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And two like make it so that you're not waiting for the swimming pool to make it back and forth.발음듣기
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But then there's also like a user, there's like a design piece of how do you design the interface?발음듣기
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And then there's kind of, there's like an academic piece to it which is like the algorithms and how do you move files around and things like that and store them.발음듣기
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But then there's like a lot of grungy kind of operating systems work where you know, how do you make it so that you work - The fat 32 file system.발음듣기
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Every other file system when it stores next to the name of the file, it stores when the file was modified.발음듣기
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It's actually more detailed than that but I'm just listing - But then anybody just randomly on some random operating system, some random hard drive, you can have a fat 32 file system that stores that modification time with a resolution of two seconds.발음듣기
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And it's like none of the other ones do that but that one does and so it adds all this weird complexity to the code.발음듣기
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Or like Windows XP Service Pack 3, there'll be bugs where like the Swedish version of that, not the Norwegian version, the Swedish version would just cause Dropbox to crash.발음듣기
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Like the same way I was obsessed with making a very well crafted like, you know, SAT question about quadrilaterals and making the diagram look like the actual.발음듣기
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It was like then obsessing over making it really fast, reliable, and fixing that obscure bug with Swedish Windows.발음듣기
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You started on this, you see a problem, you start tackling it, and it is an audacious problem to tackle.발음듣기
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Like I would save something and it would show up on my other computer, and I'd be like finally.발음듣기
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But anyway, so Dropbox, the first real turning point was when I put the video up, and then Arash, my co-founder saw it on Hacker News.발음듣기
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There was Arash, my co-founder, and then our first investor, Paul Graham saw the video and emailed me saying because we had just, I had just applied solo to Y combinator with the idea.발음듣기
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And so actually the sort of admission system was how I thought about getting into Y combinator.발음듣기
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And so, I had, I had actually been flown out to California to hang out with some other Y combinator founders.발음듣기
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So I showed up at Y combinator a little early before one of the dinners, and walked into his office and asked if I could show him Dropbox.발음듣기
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I mean you guys have got to be one of the fastest growing organizations maybe in the history of the Valley.발음듣기
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People are setting all kinds of records these days, but the company in terms of head count has grown really fast.발음듣기
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And I mean given to where - Like what are your kind of in hindsight or now that you can look over the last 7 years, I mean what have been...발음듣기
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And I almost view this, and we were talking a little bit about this before we did this is you know, what's kind of your...발음듣기
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What would you have told yourself if it was an 80 person organization or a 90 person organization to kind of ease your stress, let you know that something's coming, or ways to manage it as you grow?발음듣기
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And it's hard to kind of boil it down to like piffy phrases of how this is how you build a company.발음듣기
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So what I would say is some of the earliest, most helpful advice that we got was really to focus on the people that we brought into the company.발음듣기
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And then I think just sort of an attitude of really trying to systematically train to like understand.발음듣기
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Okay like here's what I'm dealing with today, but I'm going to talk to people who are maybe six months ahead, a year ahead, five years ahead, and like what do they do?발음듣기
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Like what would you put in place now so that as you've done all these things and grown the company, you know, what do you wish you could do today?발음듣기
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But and then the other thing that gives you some calm is that you know, what you read on Tech Crunch or in the press generally, you know.발음듣기
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It started out with not a lot of users and then later they had a lot of users and they did great.발음듣기
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But when you read like profiles, there's a lot of books that have been written lately, The Everything Stores on Amazon, great book.발음듣기
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I've read as many kind of profiles on tech companies and other companies as I could get my hands on of these companies over the last few decades.발음듣기
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And you know, what you learn is that there's nothing, once you sort of look behind the curtain, there's nothing that's that magical.발음듣기
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And so, and that's important for people to understand because you may think I don't know anything about business so I should just go like.발음듣기
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And that's just something that I should go get like a business guy or a person to do that stuff because I'll never be good at it.발음듣기
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So I think that mindset of like in a week you're probably limited in terms of what you can do.발음듣기
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These things all of us can realize yeah it's a lot of work but I can sort of see a path from A to B.발음듣기
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So and that's one thing about these profiles and the other thing, because you see in the early days they make all these really crazy stupid mistakes.발음듣기
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Yeah and I'm about to go into questions from the team, but my last question is where do you see kind of Drop box in 5, 10, 50 years?발음듣기
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But we've realized and what we talk a lot about is we have this opportunity where now we have a lot of resources, a lot of really talented people.발음듣기
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And what we're really working on is building this home for everybody's most important stuff, right?발음듣기
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So we think all the time about how can we save hundreds of millions of people from these things that are really painful and annoying about technology?발음듣기
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And then specifically, we started out with this app that you put on your computer or your phone, like it's just this Dropbox folder.발음듣기
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But really what you want is what you're using that folder for is often you're putting photos in there.발음듣기
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And so we're starting to dig in to some of those use cases a little more with things like we just launched a photo app called Carousel which is like if the gallery on your phone had like every picture you've ever taken.발음듣기
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And if you could text like 100 or 1,000 photos and videos at a time, that's what Carousel lets you do.발음듣기
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Probably the biggest thing I spend time on is recruiting, and so often there'll be some kind of fire drill at night where it's like okay we're acquiring a company, there's some candidate and we're fighting with Google, or some start up to try to get them.발음듣기
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And like I'm often finding myself down here going big game hunting for people to join Dropbox.발음듣기
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And then probably the next biggest thing is just meetings in small numbers with people on my team around certain projects.발음듣기
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So every six months we pick a dozen things that are really important that we really want to get done.발음듣기
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And then I'll be spending time with them, being like okay here's new stuff we're going to do in collaboration.발음듣기
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And then there's this much longer tale of all kinds of stuff like partners or customers or just other things.발음듣기
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I wrote a Python script that downloads my Google calendar into an Excel spreadsheet, like triages my time. Automatically?발음듣기
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But then I had these like rolling charts of how I spent the last week, or the last four weeks, or the last 12 weeks so that I can...발음듣기
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As your job gets more complicated, there's more stuff competing for your time, it's really important to understand where it goes.발음듣기
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So what are some of the most interested unexpected fun technical challenges that you and your team have faced in the process of scaling Dropbox to hundreds of millions of users.발음듣기
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And so that comes along with all kinds of technical challenges where people are saving a billion files every day on Dropbox.발음듣기
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But then as you branch out, there's all these interesting things with you know, how do we make a...발음듣기
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Every permutation, every possible platform, if people are really into like hardcore algorithms, we need like that.발음듣기
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You guys have probably heard of a Hackathon or a one day hacking event, but we're like let's take this to 11.발음듣기
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And because sometimes Dropbox, it would've been hard to prove that in a day, but actually the first prototype had something reasonably working in a week.발음듣기
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And so it's something we do really to sort of get back to the spirit of where we started where, you know, there are no constrains.발음듣기
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A lot of investors told me that Dropbox, it's a stupid thing to get into, to have yet another storage company where all the other ones have failed.발음듣기
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Instead of like talking, or debating, actually write code and just like if you do it right, you can change how people think.발음듣기
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Having a personal and business account in Dropbox, that was a huge project that started out as a Hack Week project.발음듣기
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One of my Hack Week projects was the new the way you do notifications, or sort of like the menu bar in Dropbox is not like the native menu.발음듣기
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And then a lot of other stuff that maybe didn't make it one to one, or make it pound for pound into the product, but even just like when we watch people build all these apps on top of Dropbox, like that informs...발음듣기
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And it just sort of like plants a seed that may manifest itself years later in something like oh now instead of having the Dropbox app, you have a whole family of apps like Carousel, mailbox, Dropbox.발음듣기
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So it's really just a time for...a just to work on anything except what you're supposed to be working on.발음듣기
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It's a pretty amazing group of people in the company and we have interns take Dropbox and put it in a weather balloon and put an Android phone into space where this phone would be taking pictures of the ride up and down.발음듣기
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I think for, I really gotta speak for everyone here that you know it's been a real treat to kind of get to know you just now.발음듣기
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