Brunelleschi & Ghiberti, the Sacrifice of Isaac발음듣기
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Brunelleschi & Ghiberti, the Sacrifice of Isaac
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We're in the Bargello, in Florence, and we're looking at the so called "competition panels".발음듣기
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In 1401 the Cloth Guild of Florence decided to commission a second set of doors for the Baptistery of Florence.발음듣기
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There are three doorways in the Baptistery: the first set of doors had been made by Andrea Pisano in the 14th century and the Cloth Guild wanted to create a second set of door. These were enormous bronze doors and this was a huge civic undertaking and extremely expensive.발음듣기
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The Baptistery is historically the most important building in Florence and in a effort to find the best sculptor the Cloth Guild held a competition.발음듣기
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The Cloth Guild, when they held this competition, were very specific about what they wanted.발음듣기
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They allocated a certain amount of bronze, they told the sculptors, they imparted to sculpt the Old Testament subject of the Sacrifice of Isaac, they dictated the number of figures and what should be included.발음듣기
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The only other thing that I remember is that the Cloth Guild actually dictated was that all the panels had to bee contained within a quatrefoil, that is this Gothic shape.발음듣기
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To really fun to look at both of these panels and think about why the Guild chose the one ... and which one was better and for what reasons.발음듣기
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They have to remember that Abraham went for a very long time in his life with no children and so his son meant everything to him.발음듣기
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Now God is commanding him to murder his son and Abraham is taking God's words very seriously.발음듣기
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So, Abraham takes Isaac to the mountain where God has told him to go and takes a knife to Isaac's throat, and is about to kill his son, when an Angel appears and stops him.발음듣기
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God provides a ram instead for Abraham to sacrifice so Isaac is spared and Abraham is spared this terrible fate of having to slay his only son.발음듣기
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I'm particularly fond of the way the Angel flies in in both panels to save the day. In the Ghiberti it's far less dramatic.발음듣기
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We have an Angel... but in Brunelleschi's version the Angel is grasping Abraham's hand and literally stops him in the very moment when the knife meets Isaac's throat.발음듣기
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It's also a kind of intensity with Isaac's head pushed back by Abraham and there is also a kind of violence that seems to be in process.발음듣기
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In the Ghiberti's, it's interesting, the Angel is separated, there isn't the same continuity of form.발음듣기
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I think there's more complexity in Ghiberti's, emotionally: Abraham looks reluctant, this isn't something he wants to do pulled the knife back, is looking at Isaac but there is a sense of unwillingness, it's like a second of pausing because of this terrible thing that he has been commanded to do.발음듣기
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It's interesting that the Ghiberti up shows us a form nude and presents that nude us in the most direct way, whereas the Brunelleschi is upon one knee has a ...cloth and is twisted and sturded ... that we see in the Ghiberti the direct perform into Greek and roman sculpture and it is really very beautifully done.발음듣기
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This also an interesting quarrel ...in both panels... the physical relationship of the father and the son.발음듣기
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In the Ghiberti you have the gentle arching, whereas in the Brunelleschi you have a diagonal which is more energized and more violent, as well.발음듣기
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That's right, but...automatically was the Ghiberti that got he commission all those sum accounts say that they both won, but Ghiberti actually was chosen to carry out the commission.발음듣기
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There's a sense in the Brunelleschi more of separate parts being... in fact Brunelleschi cast many of the ... separately and then put them together, and the Ghiberti's is casted only from two pieces of bronze.발음듣기
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There may ben one other element that helped to sway at the decision and that is the Ghiberti used less bronze than Brunelleschi.발음듣기
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And remember bronze is extremely expensive, and when you multiply this to all of the panels of the door that would have been significant in any case in the end Ghiberti gets the commission, produces the doors and they are such a triumph that he is automatically commissioned to produce a third set of doors.발음듣기
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And Brunelleschi will take this opportunity to move beyond sculpture, go for Rome and study ancient Roman architecture and ancient romans sculpture.발음듣기
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