Piero della Francesca, Portraits of the Duke and Duchess of Urbino

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Piero della Francesca, Portraits of the Duke and Duchess of Urbino발음듣기

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We're in the Uffizi looking at two portraits that were once joined as a diptych.발음듣기

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So they would have been connected by a hinge.발음듣기

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This is the Duke and Duchess of Urbino ?발음듣기

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Federico da Montefeltro and Battista Sforza.발음듣기

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She had just died and this was a commemorative portrait this is a way that he could remember his his wife.발음듣기

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We think it was actually painted by Piero della Francesca, possibly from a death mask that had been made of her.발음듣기

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Look at how dressed-up she is.발음듣기

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They are both very formal.발음듣기

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It reminds me of the fact that we're so used to photographs being taken of us from the time we're very little.발음듣기

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It's true, this was a very privileged thing.발음듣기

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Only the extremely wealthy could have an image that could outlast them.발음듣기

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I'm also reminded that women used to pluck their foreheads.발음듣기

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It was considered to be especially beautiful to have a very high forehead.발음듣기

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You often see this in northern painting.발음듣기

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It's important to remember that Federico da Montefeltro actually brought northern painters, that is Flemish painters down to his court.발음듣기

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In fact Piero who is an Italian painter seems to have borrowed that northern interest perhaps not only in the high forehead but also in the great intricacy and specificity of the landscape.발음듣기

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We have this wonderful atmospheric perspective.발음듣기

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One of the other characteristics that I also think is so interesting here is the very strict profile on which both figures are rendered.발음듣기

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The formality that you were talking about comes through because of the profile.발음듣기

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This is based on a coinage from Ancient Rome which, by the way, the humanists of Montefeltro's court and other humanist courts at this time were actively collecting.발음듣기

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When you think about a rendering of Caesar or even on modern coinage, you generally have a perfect profile, and you see that here.발음듣기

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The one interesting detail is that the portraits are almost always facing right and here the duke is facing his wife, facing left.발음듣기

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Actually we know that he had suffered wounds on the right side of his face, he was missing an eye.발음듣기

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That's right and part of his nose was missing.발음듣기

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That may be another reason why we only see the left side of his face.발음듣기

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But there is that formality and power that comes from the profile pose but also from the bird-eyes view of the landscape so that the figures tower over the landscape.발음듣기

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So there really is symbolism in this painting.발음듣기

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And there is also symbolism outside of this painting as well.발음듣기

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You had mentioned that this was a diptych.발음듣기

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When this painting was closed you would actually only see the exterior.발음듣기

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The exteriors are painted as well.발음듣기

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Let's go have a look.발음듣기

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There is a lot of symbolism on the outside of this painting.발음듣기

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It's covers, you could say.발음듣기

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You have two triumphal chariots which is an image that comes from Ancient Rome as well.발음듣기

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On both of them we can see the people that are portrayed on the inside of the painting.발음듣기

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That's right. On the back of Battista Sforza's portrait we see her borne in a triumphal chariot surrounded by figures who represent her virtues.발음듣기

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And the same with the duke.발음듣기

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Also below that we have these inscriptions in Latin.발음듣기

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Now, the classical inscription refers specifically to the vitues that are represented on those triumphal chariots.발음듣기

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One example can be seen on the duke's chariot which shows facing us, sitting, but full-frontal a personification of justice.발음듣기

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You can she she is holding the scales of justice in her hand as well as a sword.발음듣기

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On the female portrait the cart is being drawn not by horses but by unicorns.발음듣기

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It's really a fanciful landscape that they are in as well there is this real sense of imagination an attempt to invent a kind of iconography, that ennobles the figures represented.발음듣기

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And we have that typical Piero della Francesca sense of geometry and formality which, I think, complements the portraits themselves.발음듣기

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