Market equilibrium발음듣기
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Market equilibrium
107문장
100% 한국어
번역 10명 참여
출처 : 칸아카데미
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What I want to do in this video is think about both demand and supply for the apples at different prices.발음듣기
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We already know this right over here, the vertical axis is the price axis, and this we're going to say is price per pound.발음듣기
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Let's say that's $1 a pound, $2 a pound, $3 a pound, $4 a pound, and $5, and let's say this is thousands of pounds produce and we have to set a period.발음듣기
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Let's say this is for the next week, and so this is 1000 pounds, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000.발음듣기
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Now, let's think about both the supply and the demand curves for this market, or potential supply and demand curves.발음듣기
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First I will do the demand. If the price of apples were really high, and I encourage you to always think about this when you are about to draw your demand and supply curves. If the price of apples were really high, what would happen to consumers? Well, they wouldn't demand much.발음듣기
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The price of $5 of quantity demanded would be about 500. Maybe at a price of $1, the quantity demanded would be maybe 4000 pounds.발음듣기
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Let's say if apples ... if the price of apple got to a dollar where the quantity we've be willing to supply is about a 1000 pounds, and it just keeps increasing as the price increases.발음듣기
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So this is the supply curve, and when I talk about we, I'm talking about all the suppliers in this market.발음듣기
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However, you want to view it, but for the sake of this video let's just assume its like our little town that is fairly isolated and all of that.발음듣기
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What happens if the suppliers of the apples going into that week for their own planning purposes ...발음듣기
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They just think for whatever reason, that their only going to be able to sell the apples at $1 per pound.발음듣기
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One dollar per pound. Now, what's going to happen in that scenario? Well in that scenario they supplied 1000. The quantity supplied is 1000 pounds.발음듣기
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Let me write this down. So, I'll do it in pink for this scenario. So, this scenario the quantity supplied is 1000 pounds.발음듣기
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This is all the scenario where the price ... the price or the initial price that the growers or producers set was $1 per pound. One dollar per pound.발음듣기
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At a dollar, a lot more people are going to want to buy apples, and the producers just didn't ... I guess they didn't figure that out right.발음듣기
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If you have the shortage ... you have all these people who want to buy apples, and you only have so many apples there, what might happen in the next period in the next week?발음듣기
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Well, first of all, those apples that are out there they might get bid up, so, the prices start going to start going up. The prices are going to start going up. People are going to start bidding up the apples. They want them so badly.발음듣기
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Their going to start bidding them up, and as they start getting bid up, the producers are going to say, "Wow! There's so many people are running out of apples. We also need to increase the quantity produce."발음듣기
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So maybe in the next period there's less of a shortage, or they move away from that shortage situation.발음듣기
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If the price and quantity increase a little bit, so maybe the price goes to $2, and the quantity goes to ... I don't know, this looks like about 1900 ... 1900 pounds, now all of a sudden you have less of a shortage. I think you see that I'm getting to an interesting point over here.발음듣기
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Price and quantity increases so much that essentially overshoots this interesting point right over here.발음듣기
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So in the next week the suppliers they'll say, "Wow! People want our apples so badly, let's set the price really high at $3, and at $3 we're really excited about producing apples."발음듣기
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The price is high now, because the consumers might want to go buy other things, or they can't afford an apple, or whatever it might be.발음듣기
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Well, now we have a much bigger supply then ... or the quantity supply is much bigger than the quantity demanded. Now we face a surplus.발음듣기
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700 will get us to 2000. We have a surplus of 1700 pounds of apples. Now what happens in a surplus situation? Well, apples won't stay good forever, so maybe the producers get a little desperate. They start selling.발음듣기
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They start reducing the price, maybe to start attracting some consumers. They start reducing the price.발음듣기
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When they start seeing that the prices are going down, and you have this glut of apples, there're all going bad and not getting sold, the quantity is also going to start going down. They'll produce fewer and fewer apples, so we'll move here along the supply curve.발음듣기
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If the price from the get-go were too low, then you have this huge shortage, things get bid up. The prices go up. As the price goes up, the suppliers want to produce more.발음듣기
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You see that's it's all converging on a point right over here where the two lines intersect.발음듣기
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That's the price at which the quantity supplied will equal the quantity demanded. We call this, which looks like for this scenario, maybe about $2.15.발음듣기
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Assuming that nothing else changes, this is a good scenario for both the consumers and the producers. They keep producing 2200.발음듣기
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