Producer surplus

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Producer surplus발음듣기

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We have now talked a lot about the demand curve and the consumer surplus; now let's look at the other side.발음듣기

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Let's think about the supply curve and you could imagine that there might be something called the producer surplus.발음듣기

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So let's say that this is price axis, this is the quantity axis and let's say that we are running some type of a berry farm and this is our supply curve.발음듣기

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That is the supply curve and this is our demand curve.발음듣기

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So that is the demand and just like what we did to the supply curve, for the demand curve, now instead of thinking of a price and think about how much quantity would be supplied.발음듣기

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Let's think about a given quantity and think about what price would it have to be in order for the producers to produce that quantity.발음듣기

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And let's say that this quantity right over here, this is in thousands of pounds of berries, thousands of pounds.발음듣기

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So this is 1 thousand pounds, 2 thousand pounds, 3 thousand pounds, 4 thousand pounds, and 5 thousand pounds.발음듣기

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And let's say this price right over here is 1 dollar per pound, $2, $3, $4, maybe I could make it more even, so this is $3, this is $4, this is $5 per pound.발음듣기

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Let me write this all in per pound.발음듣기

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So let's say that we want the suppliers to produce 1 thousand pounds of berries, so this is we want them to produce 1 thousand pounds of berries,발음듣기

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What does the price have to be for them to produce 1 thousand pounds of berries.발음듣기

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Well think of it from the suppliers from the berry farmers' point of view.발음듣기

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If they are going to produce 1 thousand pounds of berries. in order for them to produce it, in order to convince them produce it, they have to get at minimum as much as they would get using the same resources to produce something else.발음듣기

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So if they could get a dollar per pound or equivalent in dollars of a dollar per pound for those first thousand pounds, so about a thousand dollars.발음듣기

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If they could get that by using their land for an apple orchard or using it to graze or maybe renting out the land to someone else, that's the minimum you would have to pay them.발음듣기

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Because if you pay them less than that they would go do the other thing.발음듣기

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They would go and rent their land out or they will allow their land for grazing.발음듣기

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So you would have to pay them the opportunity cost for them to produce a thousand pounds.발음듣기

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So the opportunity cost for them to producing a thousand pounds would be right over there.발음듣기

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And this is on average first thousand pounds you could also think that the very first pound, the opportunity cost would be right over there, and the next pound would be right after that.발음듣기

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The five hundred pound would be there, the thousand pound would right be there. or you could say the first thousand pound on average would be right over there.발음듣기

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Now let's say that we wanted them to produce another thousand pounds.발음듣기

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So we want the market or this entire farm to produce or maybe it's multiple farms to produce a total of two thousand pounds.발음듣기

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What would we have to do?발음듣기

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Well, same exact thing.발음듣기

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We kind of assuming the market is already producing that first thousand pounds.발음듣기

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So now we would have to think about what are they giving up to produce that next thousand pounds.발음듣기

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And now we would assume that for that first thousand pounds, they would have used the land and the inputs that are most suitable so this is the most suitable resources.발음듣기

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So we are talking about the labour that really knows how to grow berries.발음듣기

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The land where the berries are the best grown and maybe they are really close to transportation networks so it's much cheaper to produce and ship from there.발음듣기

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But now if we want another two thousand pounds of berries at this time period and maybe this per year if we want another thousand pounds.발음듣기

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They are now going to less suitable resources, maybe the land is slightly further away from the transportation resources.발음듣기

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They are now going to have labours that are slightly less efficient, they are going have to take land away from that.발음듣기

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Might have been slightly more suitable for other things.발음듣기

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So now the opportunity cost for these growers for the next thousand pounds is going to be slightly higher.발음듣기

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So their opportunity cost is going to be like that on average for the next thousand pounds.발음듣기

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You could that the opportunity cost for the one thousand pounds will be right over there for the two thousand pounds would be right over there.발음듣기

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But on average for the two thousand pounds, this is their opportunity cost now, same thing, the next thousand pounds after that.발음듣기

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If we want to get the market, if we want the whole supply be three thousand pounds they would have to produce, they would have to get that their opportunity across that incremental thousand pounds that opportunity cost of that incremental thousand pounds.발음듣기

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So view it as this way, the supply curve no longer and it is the same exact curve, before we used to say, oh if we want how much would people produce if the price were 3 dollars.발음듣기

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Oh they produce 3 thousand pounds, now we are looking at the other way, we are saying if we want the suppliers to produce 3 thousand pounds, what would the price actually have to be.발음듣기

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Now with that out of the way, now we can think about the supply curve is really a opportunity cost curve for the suppliers.발음듣기

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And let's say that this is supply and the demand, and then this would be the actual price which supply equals demand right over there.발음듣기

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So let's just say that is the market price.발음듣기

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So what's going on over here, all of the suppliers, so this is the price here let's just for making the math simple.발음듣기

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Let's just say that price here is 4 dollars and the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied here is 4 thousand pounds.발음듣기

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What's going on here, the very first 4 thousandth pound produced by the suppliers, the opportunity cost for them to produce it would be 4 dollars.발음듣기

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We are gonna get exactly 4 dollars for it so they are right on the fence. but for the first three thousand 999 pounds, the opportunity cost of producing it was lower than the price to get it.발음듣기

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So in this situation the producers are getting more, for the first 3999 pounds.발음듣기

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They are getting more for their berries than their opportunity cost and just like we talked about, the consumer surplus, this is the producer surplus.발음듣기

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So, for example, for the first thousand pounds right here, the producers, their opportunity cost was a little over a dollar a pound but they are getting 4 dollars a pound for it.발음듣기

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For the next thousand pounds, the opportunity cost is approaching 2 dollars per pound, like a $1.75, just eyeballing it.발음듣기

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Once again, they are getting 4 dollars a pound for it so they are getting this surplus.발음듣기

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So if you think about the entire market, the producers as a whole, they are getting this entire area, this entire area represents the excess value that they are getting above and beyond their opportunity cost.발음듣기

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And we call this right over here the producer surplus, the producer surplus.발음듣기

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And we are assuming or we will assume a linear supply curve right over here.발음듣기

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This is just a triangle, the area of a triangle.발음듣기

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This length right on this side is just 4-1, it's just 3, 3 dollars per pound and then this length right over here is 4 thousand pounds, 4 thousand pounds.발음듣기

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So to find the producer surplus, we are just finding the area of this region.발음듣기

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So, let me write this, the producer surplus here is going to be, I will use the same color, 3 times, I want to do it with pink, 3 times the 4 thousand, and that would give us the area of this entire rectangle, so we have to divide it by 2.발음듣기

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That's just finding the area of the triangle, so times one half, dividing by 2.발음듣기

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And so this gives us one half times 4 thousand is 2 thousand times 3 is 6 thousand.발음듣기

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And you could look at the unit, it's 6 thousand or 3 dollars per pound times thousand of pounds per week so we end up with, so the, we end up with 6 thousand dollars of producers' surplus per week.발음듣기

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