Introduction to the Vedic Period발음듣기
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Introduction to the Vedic Period
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출처 : 칸아카데미
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[Sal] First civilization that we have evidence of around modern-day India and Pakistan is the Indus Valley Civilization and it's right around the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India.발음듣기
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In other videos we talk about how it really comes into being in the Third Millennium BCE and as we enter into the Second Millennium BCE it starts to decline.발음듣기
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We're gonna talk about in this video is the next significant period in the history of South Asia and it involves the migration or the introduction of another group of people we believe another group of people and that's the Indo-Aryans.발음듣기
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Indo-Aryans, sometimes referred to as just the Aryans who we believe began to migrate into modern-day Pakistan and northwest India at right about the same time that the Indus Valley Civilization was declining.발음듣기
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Some folks believe that the Indus Valley Civilization and this Indo-Aryan migration somehow merged.발음듣기
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But this period that we're talking about with the migration of these Indo-Aryans this is called the Vedic Period, or the Vedic Period.발음듣기
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It's called the Vedic Period because we learn about it from a collection of literary works that we get from that time, most famously the Vedas.발음듣기
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And they're the foundation of, one what we know about the Vedic Period but they're also the foundation of modern Indian culture and religion.발음듣기
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The primary pieces of the Vedas are the Rigveda, the Yajurveda the Samaveda, and the Atharvaveda..발음듣기
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It's believed that it was composed around the early part of that Vedic Period between maybe 1500 BCE and around 1200 BCE.발음듣기
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We're talking between 3,000 and 3500 years ago while these three Vedas we believe were composed later.발음듣기
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But as they began to settle not just the Indus River Valley they actually began to settle the entire Gangetic Plain which would include this area which would be northeast India as well as countries like Bangladesh.발음듣기
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In this green here, I've highlighted when they became more farmers and started to have more settled kingdoms or we believe started to have more settled kingdoms.발음듣기
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Other significant Hindu epics we believe the events of the them happened around that late Vedic Period.발음듣기
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But then, later, either in the late Vedic Period or after the Vedic Period was when they were actually written down.발음듣기
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Just so you have some context here Sanskrit is considered one of the oldest Indo-European languages we have.발음듣기
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Because it turns out that Sanskrit is related to European languages like Greek and Latin and even Germanic languages.발음듣기
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Those were all contemporary civilizations of around this period right over here in the Second Millennium BCE.발음듣기
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Just so have you context, Siddhartha Gautama Buddha his life was in one of these Vedic kingdoms in the northeast of India.발음듣기
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Now, as I mentioned, the Vedas laid the foundation for much of what we consider to be modern-day India.발음듣기
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It was in the Vedas that we have the word sindhu and sindhu was later changed or mispronounced or pronounced differently into other words that we now associate with India.발음듣기
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Words like Hindu, Indus, and India they all derived from Sindhu which was the River referred to in the Vedas and then changed into Hindu, Indus, and things like India.발음듣기
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Now, also in the Vedas is the first time that we have reference to a stratified social structure and we see that with the varnas that are referred to.발음듣기
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Now, some historians and Vedic scholars believe that these reference to the varnas were added after the Vedic Period to things like the Rigveda.발음듣기
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And some believe that these weren't traditional casts as it's sometimes perceived today but just a reference to different social strata that it wasn't necessarily inherited.발음듣기
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It includes prayers; it includes praise of the gods; it includes rituals; but it also has a lot of interesting philosophy.발음듣기
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I just find it interesting because it takes a very philosophical view towards this very fundamental question of the origin of the actual universe.발음듣기
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It starts as really a Bronze-Age civilization but as we get into the later Vedic Period we see them smelting iron, and creating iron tools and things like that.발음듣기
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