Hindu scripture overview

61문장 100% 한국어 번역 2명 참여 출처 : 칸아카데미
0 영상보기
영어 to
한국어
2단 보기 1단 보기
번역 0%

Hindu scripture overview발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

[Instructor] As we've mentioned in previous videos Hinduism is a very diverse religion with many different practices, and even different beliefs but there is a core centered around scripture.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And the most important of these texts are the Vedas.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now the word Veda literally means knowledge in Sanskrit and they were written during the Vedic Period.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

It was called the Vedic Period because this was the time that we believe the Vedas were written and we have a whole video on the actual Vedic Period.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now there are four Vedas: Rigveda Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

The first of these is the Rigveda.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

When I say first, it's because it's believed that it was written before the other Vedas as early as 3,500 years ago.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

The other three are also pretty old probably older than 3,000 years old.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now these four texts are a combination of rituals of hymns, of mantras, of songs, and of philosophy.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

For example Rigveda, Rig you can translate as meaning praise, so it's knowledge of ways to praise the eternal, or praise God.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Yajurveda you could view as these prose mantras knowledge of these prose mantras, is Yajurveda.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Samaveda, this is knowledge of songs or hymns.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Atharvaveda, you can view these as knowledge of things that you should do in your life.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now these four texts can be sub-classified into the type of text that they actually are.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So what you see here is the sub-classification of the Vedas that's often referenced that amongst these texts some of the verses are mantras, hymns, prayers those are referred to as Samhitas.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You have the things that are more rituals ceremonies, these are Aranyakas.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And Aranyakas are also things being referred to things that you have learned, or rituals to do in the forest, maybe at the time when the Vedas were written these were things that people would go meditate and do in the forest.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You have the Upanishads, which means to sit close to, or sit near.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And if you look at the Upanishads it really is referring to sitting close, or near a teacher there's a lot of dialog between student and teacher.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And the Upanishads, in particular really form the spiritual core of Hinduism it really focuses around spiritual philosophy.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And amongst these four Vedas, there are 108 Upanishads and 108 is considered a very auspicious number in Hinduism.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now you also have Brahmanas, which are commentary.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now to be clear, there are verses in the Vedas that can be many of these that can be Aranyakas and Upanishads so these things are not mutually exclusive.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now in the Hindu tradition, one of the unifying factors are the Vedas and the sub-classifications or sub-categorizations of the Vedas these are often viewed as divine revelations.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Even though the Vedas themselves some of the authors refer to themselves as authors as people who are introspecting on these ideas and writing about them, it is believed by many Hindus that this is divine revelation.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And the term for that is Shruti.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And Shute can also be translated as what is heard you could argue what is heard directly from the divine.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now, in comparison to Shute you also have this notion of Smriti.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Smriti can be translated as what is remembered.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And there's a significant number of Smriti texts some of them that are also held very closely and meet the threshold of divine scripture for many Hindus.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now the most famous of the Smriti texts are the famous Hindu epics.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So this is an image from the Ramayana.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

The Ramayana tells a story of Rama who is one of Vishnu's incarnations going to save the Princess Sita from Ravenna.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

The Mahabharata is a story of really a family feud between the Pandavas and the Kauravas.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You see here the Pandeva princes, the five Pandava princes who are all married to Draupadi it's an interesting story in the Mahabharata how they did end up being married to one princess.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And the most significant part of the Mahabharata for modern day Hindus, is the Bhagavad Gita.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

It is a subset of the Mahabharata and the Mahabharata is quite long it will take you a while to read it but the Bhagavad Gita is quite short.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And the Bhagavad Gita takes place really in the climax of the Mahabharata when you have the Battle of Kurukshetra where the Pandavas are fighting their cousins the Kauravas.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And one of the Pandeva brothers, Arjuna who's really considered the greatest warrior of the brothers, as he takes his chariot into battle, his charioteer ends up being Krishna, also an avatar of Vishnu.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And the Bhagavad Gita is really about the conversation between Krishna and Arjuna.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And it's all about Krishna reassuring Arjuna not only his role in the universe but it also becomes a little bit of a layer of the spiritual philosophy discussed in the Upanishads.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

In modern day India, the Bhagavad Gita is probably the scripture that is most cited by modern Hindus.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So if you really want to understand the spiritual core of Hinduism, the best place to look are the Upanishads and you also have the Bhagavad Gita which even though it's part of the Mahabharata which is considered Smriti, it is revered and is often considered to be divinely revealed, by Hindus.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Now this isn't a comprehensive listing of all of the scripture that is important to Hindus.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Obviously you have the Vedas, which are very ancient.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Even these epics, their events might have taken place.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

3,000 years ago, or maybe more.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

Their composition was over 2,000 years ago they were canonized during the Gupta Empire but there's many other texts.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You have things that are believed written during the Vedic Period, the Vedanta which relate to things like medicine and astronomy.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You have commentaries on things like the Upanishads things like the Brahama Sutra.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

You have the Puranas, which literally means the old things and these are a whole collection of old stories, epics, etc.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So Hinduism, as I mentioned, it is a very broad religion, it is a very diverse religion and you even see that in the texts.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

I'll now leave you with a final excerpt from the Bhagavad Gita, and what's interesting about this as I mentioned, is the parallels that it gives to what we see in the Upanishads.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And some of what we looked at on the first video on Brahman and Atman.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

The man who sees me in everything and everything within me will not be lost to me, nor will I ever be lost to him.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

So this is Krishna talking to Aryana and Krishna's saying me, you could say God, or the Ultimate Reality.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

He who is rooted in oneness realizes that I am in every being; wherever he goes, he remains in me.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

When he sees all being as equal in suffering or in joy because they are like himself that man has grown perfect in yoga.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And the term yoga, in modern day, often refers to the type of stretching, and exercising, and body postures that you might even have at your local gym but it's really a more general term of how do you connect to that Ultimate Reality~?발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

And some of what you might learn in a yoga class is one mechanism, leveraging the body but there's other techniques, through meditation and other things, other forms of yoga that are trying to get the individual to better recognize the illusion the Maya around them, and get connected to the oneness of the Ultimate Reality.발음듣기

다른 번역문 등록

칸아카데미 더보기더 보기

전체보기
Top