Background of the Carthaginians발음듣기
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Background of the Carthaginians
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Background of the Carthaginians
[Instructor] In previous videos how Rome became a Republic in 509 BCE.
But it's worth noting, and I've done this in other videos that at that point Rome was not this vast empire.
It was really just in control of Rome itself.
But over the next few hundred years, it starts to expand.
Rome is a militaristic society.
The Roman legions start to exert it's influence over more and more of the surrounding people on the Italian Peninsula.
We keep going several hundred years until we enter into the 3rd century BCE.
This is a map of what the Mediterranean, at least looks like roughly as we enter into that 3rd century BCE.
You see, even though that Rome has now exerted it's power over most of the Italian Peninsula right over here it was not the dominant power in the Mediterranean.
It was really the upstart, the new and growing empire.
There are other significant empires.
You see here the remnants of Alexander the Great's empire his successors each now with their own significant empire and in particular, Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Persia which had control over much of the Middle East.
The other empire that you see here in blue was the Carthaginian Empire.
As we will see in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE Rome and Carthage are going to come at loggerheads and Rome, eventually, is going to overthrow.
Carthage as the dominant empire in the Mediterranean.
But you can see in this map right over here entering into the 3rd century BCE Carthage, that you see in blue was a significant empire.
So the question is, who were these Carthaginians?
The answer is that they were Phoenicians.
Another answer is, even the Phoenicians did not call themselves Phoenicians but to understand where all of this came from we have to go back 5,000 years ago.
5,000 years before, roughly 5,000 years before now around 3,000 BCE, where you have these city-states like Tyre and Sidon.
I don't know if you can see those well.
Let me rewrite it.
That is Tyre, this is Sidon.
Now, this map is obviously a map of the 3rd century BCE.
But if you go back to when these cities were founded in fact, before they were, I guess you can say put under the influence of Nebuchadnezzar and then accumulated Persia these were independent city-states.
They're actually existing cities in modern day Lebanon.
In this region, then the leading cities were Tyre and Sidon.
You had a group of people that would later be known as the Phoenicians.
The Phoenicians were famous for many things.
They were famous as traders as really ship builders, and traders.
And they colonized much of or large segments, of the coastline of the Mediterranean.
This is going back thousands and thousands of years.
Carthage was one of those colonies.
It was established in the 9th century this is what modern day historians believe sometime between 846 and 813 BCE.
It was a Phoenician colony, it was set up as really, a trading post for the Tyrians, right over here.
The reason why they're called Phoenicians they didn't call themselves Phoenicians these Phoenician people, they were called that by the Greeks and later the Romans because they were famous for trading their purple dye.
They had their purple dye which was derived from mollusk mucous that they were able to get from the sea as great sea traders and ship builders.
They had this purple dye, and the term for this purple dye it was related to the word phoinikes, or pho-ni-cian and I know I'm not pronouncing it well.
The Greeks and the Romans of the time called them the Phoenician people for their purple dye.
Now, Carthage, as we will see in probably the next video Carthage has a series of wars with Rome which are called the Punic Wars.
I've always wondered, where does that term Punic come from?
Why isn't it called the Carthaginian Wars or the Roman-Carthaginian Wars?
And that's because the Carthaginians were referred to their origins as coming from Phoenicia.
The Latin term for that was poenicus once again, related to the Greek word for that purple dye.
So poenicus became punic, so the idea of Phoenician these are all related words to each other.
When we're talking about the Punic Wars these are the Romans or this is the modern day English.
The Romans would have said poenicus.
These wars were referring to the wars with Carthage who were descendant from the Phoenicians.
Now, just as a side note another thing that you might be wondering about is hey, this word, Phoenician, it looks familiar.
It looks like phonetic, like the phonetic alphabet.
That was the other famous contribution of the Phoenicians is that our alphabet, the idea of our alphabet was derived from the Phoenetic alphabet of the Phoenicians.
The Phoenicians did many, many, many things.
They settled much, they were one of the real naval powers of the Mediterranean going back thousands, and thousands of years.
By the time we get to the Middle Roman Republic we're in the 3rd century BCE, we're in the 200s BCE the ancient cities of Tyre and Sidon they're now part of the Seleucid Empire.
The Seleucid Empire was one of the successor empires of Alexander the Great but their offspring, so to speak, Carthage is now a dominant power in the Mediterranean.
With Rome starting to exert it's might although it has very powerful armies it does not, at this point, have a very powerful navy.
But as we will see, as we get to 264 BCE these two great powers in the Mediterranean start to come into a little bit of conflict.
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But it's worth noting, and I've done this in other videos that at that point Rome was not this vast empire.발음듣기
대기중
The Roman legions start to exert it's influence over more and more of the surrounding people on the Italian Peninsula.발음듣기
대기중
This is a map of what the Mediterranean, at least looks like roughly as we enter into that 3rd century BCE.발음듣기
대기중
You see, even though that Rome has now exerted it's power over most of the Italian Peninsula right over here it was not the dominant power in the Mediterranean.발음듣기
대기중
You see here the remnants of Alexander the Great's empire his successors each now with their own significant empire and in particular, Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Persia which had control over much of the Middle East.발음듣기
대기중
As we will see in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE Rome and Carthage are going to come at loggerheads and Rome, eventually, is going to overthrow.발음듣기
대기중
But you can see in this map right over here entering into the 3rd century BCE Carthage, that you see in blue was a significant empire.발음듣기
대기중
Another answer is, even the Phoenicians did not call themselves Phoenicians but to understand where all of this came from we have to go back 5,000 years ago.발음듣기
대기중
5,000 years before, roughly 5,000 years before now around 3,000 BCE, where you have these city-states like Tyre and Sidon.발음듣기
대기중
But if you go back to when these cities were founded in fact, before they were, I guess you can say put under the influence of Nebuchadnezzar and then accumulated Persia these were independent city-states.발음듣기
대기중
It was established in the 9th century this is what modern day historians believe sometime between 846 and 813 BCE.발음듣기
대기중
It was a Phoenician colony, it was set up as really, a trading post for the Tyrians, right over here.발음듣기
대기중
The reason why they're called Phoenicians they didn't call themselves Phoenicians these Phoenician people, they were called that by the Greeks and later the Romans because they were famous for trading their purple dye.발음듣기
대기중
They had their purple dye which was derived from mollusk mucous that they were able to get from the sea as great sea traders and ship builders.발음듣기
대기중
They had this purple dye, and the term for this purple dye it was related to the word phoinikes, or pho-ni-cian and I know I'm not pronouncing it well.발음듣기
대기중
The Greeks and the Romans of the time called them the Phoenician people for their purple dye.발음듣기
대기중
Now, Carthage, as we will see in probably the next video Carthage has a series of wars with Rome which are called the Punic Wars.발음듣기
대기중
And that's because the Carthaginians were referred to their origins as coming from Phoenicia.발음듣기
대기중
The Latin term for that was poenicus once again, related to the Greek word for that purple dye.발음듣기
대기중
So poenicus became punic, so the idea of Phoenician these are all related words to each other.발음듣기
대기중
When we're talking about the Punic Wars these are the Romans or this is the modern day English.발음듣기
대기중
These wars were referring to the wars with Carthage who were descendant from the Phoenicians.발음듣기
대기중
Now, just as a side note another thing that you might be wondering about is hey, this word, Phoenician, it looks familiar.발음듣기
대기중
That was the other famous contribution of the Phoenicians is that our alphabet, the idea of our alphabet was derived from the Phoenetic alphabet of the Phoenicians.발음듣기
대기중
They settled much, they were one of the real naval powers of the Mediterranean going back thousands, and thousands of years.발음듣기
대기중
By the time we get to the Middle Roman Republic we're in the 3rd century BCE, we're in the 200s BCE the ancient cities of Tyre and Sidon they're now part of the Seleucid Empire.발음듣기
대기중
The Seleucid Empire was one of the successor empires of Alexander the Great but their offspring, so to speak, Carthage is now a dominant power in the Mediterranean.발음듣기
대기중
With Rome starting to exert it's might although it has very powerful armies it does not, at this point, have a very powerful navy.발음듣기
대기중
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