Comparison: Rise of empires발음듣기
대기중
Comparison: Rise of empires
55문장
100% 한국어
번역 3명 참여
출처 : 칸아카데미
번역
0%
[Instructor] What we're going to do in this video is think about the rise of empires and make the comparison with four very early empires that we have studied Achaemenid Persia, the Maurya Empire in India, Han China and the Roman Empire.발음듣기
대기중
A broad definition of an empire is when one group has control over a fairly diverse population.발음듣기
대기중
One group has control over another group that might have different linguistic practices different culture, that's when it is considered an empire.발음듣기
대기중
Well, let's say that I am a ruler and I control this territory right over here and either through my charisma, my military tactics, maybe I have a new weapon some political intrigue, some weak neighbors I'm able to conquer some more territory right over here.발음듣기
대기중
As I expand, this gives me more land and more people to rule over and I can tax that land and people to have more wealth and larger armies.발음듣기
대기중
And so these two things are pretty good ingredients to be able to take on even more of my neighbors and expand even further.발음듣기
대기중
Well it does go pretty far, you see these various empires are quite large especially when you consider the technology of the time, the communications ability of the time.발음듣기
대기중
But at some point, you might have weak leadership you might have trouble controlling these large and spread out empires especially if you can't communicate if you can't get good information.발음듣기
대기중
This is so far in the past that most of our accounts of how Cyrus comes to power come from the Greeks who were not friends with the Persians they were famous rivals.발음듣기
대기중
But one thing comes clear in the narrative, which is that Cyrus the Great was considered a very strong and effective leader so I'll definitely put leadership there.발음듣기
대기중
He starts off as a relatively minor king subject to you could say the emperor of Medes who is his grandfather.발음듣기
대기중
And he's able to overthrow him but because of his military leadership his ability to bring people into the fold he was known as being tolerant of the people he would rule over, that that all helped him control and expand a large empire.발음듣기
대기중
So I would say leadership is definitely first for Cyrus the Great and then I would say culture would be part of it.발음듣기
대기중
Maurya, India was founded by Chandragupta Maurya and here once again, I would say leadership was a major factor.발음듣기
대기중
He was aided by his political advisor Chanakya who is famous in Indian history for his strategic thinking.발음듣기
대기중
Chandragupta Maurya, legend has it, met Alexander the Great when he came into the Indus but once Alexander the Great left, there was a power vacuum.발음듣기
대기중
The first emperors of Han China aren't the ones to first unify China, that happens under the Qin Dynasty Q-I-N, Qin Dynasty that preceded the Han Dynasty.발음듣기
대기중
And they were able to do that by being very strong very authoritarian, very centralized but once the Qin emperor dies.발음듣기
대기중
It leaves a clear power vacuum and then you have a succession battle but eventually the Han Dynasty is formed.발음듣기
대기중
One of the ways that the Han Dynasty is able to keep power despite not being as authoritarian as the Qin is that they revitalized Confucianism and used that ideology and used that culture in order to more unify the Chinese people.발음듣기
대기중
On this timeline, this first period right over here is when we have the Roman kingdom, then you have the Roman Republic, and then you have the Roman Empire.발음듣기
대기중
And so you could debate when it actually becomes an empire even when it was an early kingdom.발음듣기
대기중
It was conquering neighboring people on the Italian peninsula and at that time period, it might have felt like an empire because those people might have felt different.발음듣기
대기중
As time passed and they were under a unified state under a unified kingdom, they probably felt more similar.발음듣기
대기중
But then when they conquered even more territory that might have felt more and more like an empire.발음듣기
대기중
Julius Caesar famously conquered Gaul, these Germanic peoples, before coming back and essentially taking control to be succeeded by the first official Roman Empire after a long and bloody civil war, Augustus Caesar.발음듣기
대기중
These other three empires happened relatively quickly we're talking within a period of less than 50 years while the Roman Empire took hundreds of years to form.발음듣기
대기중
You could say that there was a culture of expansion one could make the argument that they were more technologically sophisticated than some of their neighbors especially when it came to military might and as it expanded, it definitely was able to take advantage of weak neighbors so now let's just take a step back.발음듣기
대기중
What we've done in this exercise is a rough approximation of the various dimensions that might lead to an empire rising.발음듣기
대기중
It's by no means comprehensive and I suggest for you to think about what dimensions would you add to this?발음듣기
대기중
And as we go forward in history, we're gonna see different weights on these different dimensions for how important they are for empire formation.발음듣기
대기중
Especially as we get closer and closer to modern times technology increases as a factor in terms of creating an empire.발음듣기
대기중
Ideology plays a significant role in empires based on religion but we also have empires based on economic ideology, communism versus capitalism.발음듣기
대기중
칸아카데미 더보기더 보기
-
70문장 100%번역 좋아요1
번역하기 -
93문장 100%번역 좋아요3
번역하기 -
Marcel Duchamp, The Large Glass
78문장 100%번역 좋아요1
번역하기 -
Diego Rivera, Calla Lilly Vendor
26문장 100%번역 좋아요1
번역하기
