Contextualization of the development of Islam발음듣기
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Contextualization of the development of Islam
57문장
100% 한국어
번역 11명 참여
출처 : 칸아카데미
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[Instructor] Here is a passage from the Scottish philosopher, writer even a little bit of mathematics, historian Thomas Carlyle.발음듣기
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A poor shepherd people he's referring to the Arabs before Mohammed roaming unnoticed in its deserts since the creation of the world: a Hero-Prophet was sent down to them with a word they could believe.발음듣기
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He's speaking of within 100 years of Mohammed's death the Muslim empire has spread from what would eventually be Southern Spain, all the was to Northern India.발음듣기
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These Arabs, the man Mahomet, and that one century is it not as if a spark had fallen, one spark on a world of what seemed black unnoticeable sand.발음듣기
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I said, the Great Man was always as lightning out of Heaven; the rest of men waited for him like fuel and then they too would flame.발음듣기
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And Thomas Carlyle is known as one of the proponents of the of Great Man view of history that history is nothing.발음듣기
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So, what we're gonna do in this video is think about whether it really is all about a great man or were there other things that were in the context of the time and space in which these things occur.발음듣기
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There's two major powers: the Byzantine, which is the Eastern Roman Empire the vestiges of the Roman Empire and you also have the Sassanid Persian Empire.발음듣기
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The Byzantines are a Christian empire and the Sassanids are Zoroastrian and Mohammed is from the Quraysh tribe which is in charge of Mecca which is considered a pilgrimage site for the various tribes of Arabia.발음듣기
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But, you can see that Arabia is fragmented and this doesn't even do justice to how fragmented it was.발음듣기
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But, if you fast forward 200 years, you see a major change and in fact, you wouldn't have to go all the way to 800.발음듣기
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Even by the early eighth century you see that Islam has spread from the Iberian peninsula all the way to the Indus and most of this, as mentioned happens within 100 years after Mohammed's death.발음듣기
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And there's no clear right or wrong answer here it's all going to be conjecture but that's what's fun about history we can think about what we think we know and then we can debate, and think about are there some patterns here that we see over and over in history?발음듣기
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So, we know for a fact that Arabia was fragmented that the law of the land in Arabia was tribal and tribal justice, and this is the world that Mohammed grew up in.발음듣기
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We also know at this time that Mohammed had exposure to other religions some of which had penetrated the various tribes of Arabia.발음듣기
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We also know that the two great empires here the Byzantines and Persian empires are in constant conflict, and in fact the Arabs and many in the Middle East are the pawns in that conflict.발음듣기
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And so, you have the Byzantines versus the Persians with the possibility of those living in their lands might not have been happy with either.발음듣기
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There's also the sense that we're at the very beginning of a long decline for the Byzantine Empire.발음듣기
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So, one thesis could be that Mohammed was able to bring many of the ideas of Christianity and Judaism but these ideas helped to unify a fragmented Arab people.발음듣기
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And not only did it unify them but it gave them the energy that you could have through religious zeal.발음듣기
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And that energy is what allowed them not only to unify in Arabia and they're able to unify most of Arabia by the time of Mohammed's death.발음듣기
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But, within 100 years of his death they're able to take over the entire Sassanid Empire and make major inroads into the Byzantine Empire.발음듣기
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And they were able to take advantage of conflict and discontent between the Byzantines and Persians in order to spread.발음듣기
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But Christianity, you have a long period between Jesus who is the central figure of Christianity who is the underlying spiritual figure.발음듣기
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And when Christianity really spreads and really becomes and empire and that really starts with Constantine roughly 300 years after the time of Jesus.발음듣기
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What's interesting about the example in this video the example of Islam, in terms of the religion Mohammed plays a little bit of both of these roles.발음듣기
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He is a spiritual figure, he has revelations but he is also the founder of an empire he also governs, he is also a military and political figure.발음듣기
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And so, perhaps for the first time in history on this scale you have the combination of religious zeal of spiritual belief, of faith, combined with governance combined with the desire to create an empire.발음듣기
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In terms of empire, the only thing that might be comparable in terms of the vastness and the speed in which it happens is the Mongol empire.발음듣기
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The Mongols are an example of people who were fragmented initially, tribal unified by Genghis Khan.발음듣기
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And through that unification were able to spread incredibly rapidly and take on some long historic and possibly declining empires.발음듣기
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