Knights Templar발음듣기
대기중
Knights Templar | World History | Khan Academy
72문장
0%
인도네시아어 번역 1명 참여
출처 : 칸아카데미
번역
0%
But what we're going to focus on in this video is how the crusades help catalyze the start of what many historians consider to be the first international financial institution and that is the Knights Templar.발음듣기
대기중
In other videos we saw the first crusades start at the end of the 11th century, started really by Pope Urban the second with the purported reason to help the Byzantines take land from the Muslims, especially the Holy Land.발음듣기
대기중
The first crusade is for the most part successful but they don't return that land to the Byzantines.발음듣기
대기중
They set up what are known as Crusader States or Crusader Kingdoms including the Kingdom of Jerusalem and just to read this timeline that I drew up here green shows a time period when at least Jerusalem is controlled by the Muslims.발음듣기
대기중
Red shows when Jerusalem is controlled by Western European powers or by these Crusader Kingdoms which were essentially Western European.발음듣기
대기중
So you see the first crusade causes the change of control of Jerusalem from the Muslims to the Western European Christians.발음듣기
대기중
And once Jerusalem was under their control and it would continue to be under their control for roughly 90 years.발음듣기
대기중
You could imagine that many pilgrims from Europe went to the holy sites in the Holy Land especially in Jerusalem but this was not an easy journey.발음듣기
대기중
Not only was it a long journey, these are the paths that I showed in previous videos that the crusaders took.발음듣기
대기중
But this could also be the paths that many of the pilgrims took in order to go to the Holy Land.발음듣기
대기중
And you could imagine a journey of this distance going through multiple kingdoms in this time period could be incredibly dangerous.발음듣기
대기중
And many of the pilgrims actually were robbed or sometimes worse on their way to the Holy Land.발음듣기
대기중
So in 1119 a small group of Knights led by Hughes de Payens they go to King Baldwin the second, King of Jerusalem.발음듣기
대기중
Remember they set up this crusader state the Kingdom of Jerusalem headquartered on the temple mount.발음듣기
대기중
And these knights tell King Baldwin the second and Warmund, or Patriarch Warmund the Patriarch of Jerusalem.발음듣기
대기중
These guys think it is a good idea and so in 1120 they give them some space a headquarters on the temple mount in order to start their group.발음듣기
대기중
If you translate the Latin version of their name it translates to Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and the Temple of Solomon.발음듣기
대기중
Now the reason why it says and the Temple of Solomon is because they were headquartered on the temple mount.발음듣기
대기중
And the Al-Aqsa Mosque is believed by many to be on the site of the original Temple of Solomon but this is often shortened to the Knights Templar.발음듣기
대기중
This is their symbol, two knights riding on a horse to show their poverty, but they don't stay poor for long.발음듣기
대기중
They are shortly thereafter recognized by the Pope and many people start donating money to this order.발음듣기
대기중
Many more people volunteer to be Knights Templar and so over the remainder of the crusades they become an important institution in Medieval Europe.발음듣기
대기중
Here you see the Knights protecting pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem and they did do that.발음듣기
대기중
They did protect the pilgrims and they were also active in battle during the crusades thereafter.발음듣기
대기중
But it turns out that even though on the peak there were on the order of 20,000 Knights Templar only about 10% of them were actual soldiers were actually these warrior monks as they're sometimes called.발음듣기
대기중
The rest of the Templars created this fairly significant complex infrastructure to do multiple things to support the goal of the Knights Templar.발음듣기
대기중
If you were in London and you wanted to do a pilgrimage to the Holy Land you would need resources in order to do that.발음듣기
대기중
And so you could imagine if you were traveling over a long journey to take gold coins with you not only would they be heavy but more importantly it would be dangerous.발음듣기
대기중
A lot of people might want to take that gold from you and so one of the services that the Knights Templar developed was that you could go to their temple in London essentially deposit your money.발음듣기
대기중
They'll give you a note of credit saying that we the Knights owe you a certain amount of money.발음듣기
대기중
And then you make your journey and when you get to Jerusalem you can give that note to the Knights there and they will give you your money.발음듣기
대기중
I can go to an ATM machine anywhere in the world and for the most part I can put in my ATM card and get access to money.발음듣기
대기중
Today we have telecommunications, we have satellites that help information go back and forth we have servers that keep track of all of that data.발음듣기
대기중
They didn't have that in the middle ages and so you can imagine this is a very powerful idea that I could deposit money one place.발음듣기
대기중
And then I could withdraw it someplace else and we still don't fully understand how the knights were able to pull this off.발음듣기
대기중
It requires a lot of trust and how were they able to authenticate the notes of credit at any of these points?발음듣기
대기중
They also because they had all of these deposits and people were also donating money to them just to support their cause they were able to provide loans.발음듣기
대기중
This is the reason why historians really do consider them perhaps the first true international bank.발음듣기
대기중
But then 1244 it's retaken again by the Muslims and it stays under Muslim control all the way until the end of World War One.발음듣기
대기중
And so with Jerusalem taken in 1244 the whole goal of the Knights Templar, the whole purpose of their existence starts to become less important.발음듣기
대기중
You have the Eighth and Ninth Crusades but they aren't successful and as we get into the early 14th century you have this character Philip the Fourth King of France.발음듣기
대기중
And he has incurred a lot of debt in order to have wars especially with England and a good bit of this financing comes from the Knights Templar.발음듣기
대기중
He is a powerful man looking for solutions to his debt situation and he realizes one solution is maybe just to arrest the people who you owe money to.발음듣기
대기중
And then not only do you not owe any money to them but you can seize their assets and Philip the fourth does exactly that.발음듣기
대기중
Famously on a Friday the 13th in 1307 he arrests many Knights Templars including the Grand Master the leader of the Knights Templar, Jacques de Molay.발음듣기
대기중
They eventually confess to a whole bunch of things but then they retract that confession and they're not willing to retract the retraction.발음듣기
대기중
And so in 1314 Jacques de Molay as well as other Knights Templar, especially in the leadership who do not agree to those confessions are burned at the stake in Paris.발음듣기
대기중
And this is considered the end of the Knights Templar although there are many legends of how they have continued on perhaps in secrecy.발음듣기
대기중
There's many legends associated with them but one of their biggest historical contributions that isn't often talked about.발음듣기
대기중
칸아카데미 더보기더 보기
-
Rosso Fiorentino, the Dead Christ with Angels
31문장 0%번역 좋아요0
번역하기 -
71문장 0%번역 좋아요1
번역하기 -
Irregular plural nouns - the MUTANT PLURALS
32문장 0%번역 좋아요2
번역하기 -
Severe contango generally bearish
22문장 0%번역 좋아요0
번역하기
