Timur발음듣기
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Timur
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And then in the west you have the Golden Horde the Chagatai Khanate and then the Ilkhanate in much of the Middle East and Persia.발음듣기
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Now as we go a little bit further into the 14th century and in particular the 1330s, you might remember when we studied Europe, that the bubonic plague hits and it doesn't just hit Europe, it hits Asia.발음듣기
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And one of the causes often given for the rapid spread is that you had relative stability formed by these Khanates so that trade was able to happen, but with that trade you also have the spread of disease.발음듣기
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And so the bubonic plague, or the Black Death of the 1330s, in particular does damage to the Ilkhanate in Persia and the Middle East.발음듣기
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And so you see here on this timeline the Ilkhanate goes into a rapid decline because of the Black Death.발음듣기
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And at the same time, in the southwest corner of the Chagatai Khanate, a future conqueror is born.발음듣기
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Timur, which means iron, he's often known as Timurlane because when he was young he was injured in both the hand and leg by arrows which impaired his movement and which is why the Europeans called him Timur the Lame, which became Timurlane.발음듣기
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But despite his physical impairments he's able to conquer much of the Chagatai Khanate eventually and the Ilkhanate and establish a dynasty of his own.발음듣기
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The Empire gets established in 1370 when he gets effective power over much of the western Chagatai Khanate.발음듣기
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Now you'll hear these terms Turko-Mongol a lot because even though the Mongols conquered this large swath of territory.발음듣기
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They did so with the significant help of people speaking Turkic languages from central Asia Turkish being the most well known of the Turkic languages.발음듣기
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And so many of the conquerors especially the Muslim conquerors of central Asia and Persia of this period are of a Turko-Mongol ethnicity.발음듣기
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Even though there's no evidence of him being a direct descendant of Genghis Khan, or Genghis Khan he views himself as the successor he wants to recreate the great Mongol Empire.발음듣기
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By the time of Timur's death, the Timurid Empire encompasses much of Persia, central Asia the Caucasus and the Middle East.발음듣기
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His legacy is a bloody one, as he expanded territory and took over cities it was not uncommon for his soldiers to kill tens, if not hundreds of thousands of civilians who revolted against Timur's rule.발음듣기
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His forces famously attacked the Delhi Sultanate not hoping to conquer India, but to take its spoils.발음듣기
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In 1398 he was able to successfully defeat the Sultan who had battle elephants and he was able to defeat them by sending camels that had flames on their backs to scare the elephants.발음듣기
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And famously, when his forces took Delhi they killed 100,000 to 200,000 people and took the spoils of the city.발음듣기
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There are some estimates that Timur's forces killed as many as 17 million people as the Empire expanded.발음듣기
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To put this into perspective, this is roughly five percent of the world's population at that time.발음듣기
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Now once Timur dies in 1405, you can see from this timeline that the Empire does not last long as we get to the second half of the 15th century, it is in decline.발음듣기
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