Sikhism introduction발음듣기
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Sikhism introduction
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출처 : 칸아카데미
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[Instructor] Sikhism comes into being in northern India in a time when the Mughals are coming into power.발음듣기
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What we see in this blue area is what the first Mughal emperor, Babur is able to put under his control which includes the region of Punjab which is where Sikhism begins and thrives to this day.발음듣기
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We see later emperors like Akbar continuing to expand the domain of the Mughal emperor with Aurangzeb the least tolerant of the Mughals expanding well into South India.발음듣기
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It all starts in the 15th century with the birth of who will eventually be known as Guru Nanak.발음듣기
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He's born into a merchant class Hindu family and he is known to be precocious from a very young age especially when it comes to matters of spirituality.발음듣기
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Remember, North India is under the control of the Muslims but it's a Hindu-majority population and you also have populations of Christians and Jains.발음듣기
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And this is also a time, as we've studied in other videos where the Bhakti movement is on the rise this notion of devotional love to God within Hinduism.발음듣기
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And it's in this context that Guru Nanak becomes a significant, some would say, Bhakti guru.발음듣기
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There is but one God. His name is Truth. He is without hate. He is beyond the cycle of births and deaths. He is Self illuminated.발음듣기
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So just in this excerpt of some of his sayings you see elements of the core of Hinduism and elements of Islam.발음듣기
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Even kings and emperors with heaps of wealth and vast dominion cannot compare with an ant filled with the love of God.발음듣기
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So here, you see this Bhakti influence and you can see why he's considered a major Bhakti guru or Bhakti saint.발음듣기
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His followers will eventually be known as Sikhs and the word Sikh comes from the Sanskrit word for to learn or learning and it's related to the word for student.발음듣기
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And even in modern Sanskrit-derived languages like Hindi you have words like sikhna, which means to learn.발음듣기
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After Guru Angad, you have Guru Amar Das and then you have Guru Ram Das, who establishes the city now sacred to Sikhs known as Amritsar originally known as Ramdaspur.발음듣기
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He creates the compilation known as the Adi Granth which are the sayings and the hymns of the previous gurus including his own.발음듣기
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The Adi Granth, as we will see, will eventually evolve into the Guru Granth Sahib, which is considered not only the Sikh holy book but also the last and final of the gurus.발음듣기
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In Ramdaspur, later to be known as Amritsar Guru Arjan builds the Harmandir Sahib which is intended to be a place of worship for people of all religions.발음듣기
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And today the Harmandir Sahib would later be known as the Golden Temple where later Raja would plate it with gold is the largest free kitchen in the world.발음듣기
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But upon his death, his son Jahangir takes power and early in Jahangir's reign he is insecure about his hold on power.발음듣기
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And remember, the Mughals are ruling from the same region where the Sikhs are having an increasingly growing following not just from Hindus but also from Muslims.발음듣기
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Threatened by this growing following Jahangir imprisons Guru Arjan and tortures Guru Arjan trying to get him to renounce the faith to convert to Islam.발음듣기
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After his death, his son, who will be known as Guru Hargobind comes to power and Guru Hargobind, as legend has it on direction from his father before he would die tells him that the Sikhs need to protect themselves.발음듣기
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They need to adopt a military tradition to protect themselves from the oppression especially the oppression from the Mughals.발음듣기
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One to represent his authority in the spiritual realm and another to represent his authority in the temporal realm.발음듣기
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He is named eventually Guru Tegh Bahadur which means brave sword or brave wielder of the sword.발음듣기
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Because as his father, Guru Hargobind, fought the Mughals he was known as being unusually brave and an unusually competent warrior.발음듣기
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He continued this tradition of being a warrior saint and especially under the rule of Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb as the Mughals became more and more intolerant.발음듣기
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And started force conversions he viewed himself as a protector of the oppressed not just of the Sikhs.발음듣기
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But the oppressed of any faiths including Hindus who are being forced to convert by Aurangzeb.발음듣기
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Eventually, Aurangzeb tortures and kills him for refusing to convert to Islam and he is considered the second guru who is martyred.발음듣기
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At his death, we have the tenth and last human guru of the Sikh tradition, Guru Gobind Singh who continues, again, this tradition of a warrior saint and actually formalizes it in this notion of Khalsa.발음듣기
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And the first volunteer he takes into a tent and then he emerges from that tent without the volunteer with a bloody sword giving people the impression that he might have killed that individual.발음듣기
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He makes it clear that this was an exercise as a test of faith to see who was willing to risk their life to follow the cause.발음듣기
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Famously, with the Five K's of Khalsa that anyone who goes into the Khalsa indoctrination who becomes a Khalsa Sikh they should not cut their hair.발음듣기
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This is known as Kesh they should wear a metal bracelet known as Kara they should have a wooden comb known as Kanga.발음듣기
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And they should carry a short dagger or sword known a Kirpan and there is Kaccherra which is often an undergarment worn and has a symbolic meaning.발음듣기
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A man who goes through the Khalsa ceremony the Khalsa baptism, adopts the title of Singh which means lion and a woman who does adopts the title, Kaur or princess and it's essentially, they are promising to fight oppression wherever it might be.발음듣기
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Guru Gobind Singh is also famous for the final compilation of what would be known as the Guru Granth Sahib.발음듣기
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Taking the Adi Granth which was compiled by Guru Arjan and adding the 115 hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur who was martyred and making this collection of hymns not just from the gurus.발음듣기
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But from saints and gurus in the Hindu and Muslim tradition as well and declaring that this is the 11th.발음듣기
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