How did Russia begin?발음듣기
대기중
How did Russia begin?
87문장
100% 한국어
번역 4명 참여
출처 : 칸아카데미
번역
0%
[Instructor] What we're going to talk about in this video are the origins of the Russian people.발음듣기
대기중
And in particular, we're going to talk about the eastern Slavs who not just modern Russians but also Ukrainians and Belarusians view as their ancestors.발음듣기
대기중
The early ninth century, we see the reign of Charlemagne that we talk about in some depth in other videos.발음듣기
대기중
As we get into the 10th century you see the reign of Otto the Great Holy Roman Emperor over the Germanic kingdoms.발음듣기
대기중
You have the Abbasid Muslim Caliphate in control over most of the Middle East and North Africa.발음듣기
대기중
So we have here in this magenta color this would be modern day Sweden but it was also the home of the Varangians or whom we later would refer to as the Vikings.발음듣기
대기중
But you have to remember, these histories are often written by the western Europeans not by the Vikings themselves.발음듣기
대기중
You have Constantinople the capital of the Byzantine Empire and you have Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate.발음듣기
대기중
You also see these major waterways in eastern Europe in particular, the Dnieper and the Volga Rivers.발음듣기
대기중
And so you have these significant trade routes going from the Baltic Sea either via the Dnieper, crossing the Black Sea to Constantinople, or going from the Baltic to the Volga all the way to the Caspian Sea and eventually making their way to Baghdad.발음듣기
대기중
There's evidence of artifacts from these far off lands in Viking territory, and we believe what the Varangians traded were first they hunted in this area of northern Europe.발음듣기
대기중
You have the Western Slavs who you could view as some of the ancestors of modern Poles, Czechs, and Slovaks.발음듣기
대기중
And then you have the Eastern Slavs in what will eventually be Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine.발음듣기
대기중
Our best account of the early history especially in the period as we get into the ninth century comes from what is known as the Russian Primary Chronicle.발음듣기
대기중
So at previous times, it was known as Nestor's Chronicles but we don't even have surviving accounts of this.발음듣기
대기중
What I'll share is a version of the Russian Primary Chronicle known as the Laurentian Text from 1377.발음듣기
대기중
It gives us some of the earliest accounts of the relationship between the Varangians and the Eastern Slavs.발음듣기
대기중
and how what we have come to identify as the Russian people and the Ukrainian people and the Belorussian people how they got their start.발음듣기
대기중
So right before this passage it talks about how the Varangians tried to get tribute from some of the Eastern Slavic tribes.발음듣기
대기중
And it says the tributaries of the Varangians drove them back beyond the sea and, refusing them further tribute set out to govern themselves.발음듣기
대기중
So they pushed them back beyond what we now call the Baltic Sea, and they decided to govern themselves.발음듣기
대기중
They said to themselves, let us seek a prince who may rule over us and judge us according to the law.발음듣기
대기중
So they went back to the Russes and they said, these warring Eastern Slavic tribes said our land is great and rich but there is no order in it.발음듣기
대기중
The Varangians, first, are trying to get tribute from these tribes, which is a way of saying tax them making them subservient to these Vikings.발음듣기
대기중
And even though these Eastern Slavs were able to push them back according to the Primary Chronicle they said hey we need your help.발음듣기
대기중
There's very few times in history where people are asking a foreign group to rule over them.발음듣기
대기중
Or do you think the Varangians maybe forced themselves on the Eastern Slavs and later created this narrative that they were invited to come in?발음듣기
대기중
But according to the Primary Chronicle we have Rurik coming from Scandinavia to Novgorod and establishing the land of Rus'.발음듣기
대기중
Most historians believe it to be the source of what we now say Russia or even Belarus, which means white Rus.발음듣기
대기중
But either way, the Primary Chronicle goes on to tell us from 870 to 879, on his deathbed Rurik bequeathed his realm to Oleg who belonged to his kin and entrusted to Oleg's hands his son Igor for he was very young.발음듣기
대기중
And then from 880 to 882, Oleg set himself up as prince in Kiev and declared that it should be the mother of Russian cities.발음듣기
대기중
This is Kiev right over here and because Oleg was able to take Kiev the state that emerges from Rurik and Oleg not only is it known as the Land of the Rus'.발음듣기
대기중
As we get to the year 900, you have this off-white color and you can see, it is in control of both Novgorod and Kiev.발음듣기
대기중
As you get to 1015, it's taken even more territory and by 1113, which is near the peak of the Kievan state you see that it has taken control of a good chunk of Eastern Europe.발음듣기
대기중
As you get to the end of the 10th century you have a major event in one of Rurik's descendants Vladimir, often known as Vladimir the Great he decides to convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity.발음듣기
대기중
And in a future video, I might talk about his rationales or what historians view as his rationales for conversion.발음듣기
대기중
And as we will see, over time and because of not only his conversion but essentially the conversion of the entire Kievan state over time.발음듣기
대기중
Especially with the eventual decline of the Byzantine Empire what would eventually be Russia becomes a center of Eastern Orthodox Christianity.발음듣기
대기중
And in 1240, you have the Mongol invasion at which point, many of the principalities within the Land of Rus' become tributaries to the Mongolians.발음듣기
대기중
칸아카데미 더보기더 보기
-
Caesar, Cleopatra and the Ides of March
76문장 100%번역 좋아요1
번역하기 -
Guercino, Saint Luke Displaying a Painting of...
97문장 100%번역 좋아요1
번역하기 -
Attic Black-Figure: Exekias, Dionysos Kylix
27문장 100%번역 좋아요2
번역하기 -
Comparative advantage specialization and gain...
90문장 100%번역 좋아요2
번역하기
