Kasbah Taourirt: Conserving Earthen Heritage in Morocco

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Kasbah Taourirt: Conserving Earthen Heritage in Morocco발음듣기

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Over the last two decades, as part of its Earthen Architecture Initiative, the Getty Conservation Institute has worked around the world to preserve historic earthen sites.발음듣기

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One of those sites is Kasbah Taourirt.발음듣기

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Kasbah Taourirt is one of thousands of fortified earthen complexes and villages, known as Kasbahs and ksour found in southern Morocco.발음듣기

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Unfortunately, these important and fragile sites are threatened by abandonment and are being lost.발음듣기

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The Kasbah is located in the city of Ouarzazate which historically was at the intersection of trans-Saharan trade routes.발음듣기

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The earliest parts of the Kasbah date from the 17th century.발음듣기

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Most of the complex was constructed in the late 19th century by Si Hammadi el Glaoui, ruler of Taourirt and part of the powerful Glaoui family, who controlled all of southern Morocco.발음듣기

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Si Hammadi expanded the Kasbah from a small group of buildings into a large defensive palace.발음듣기

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It included stables, servants' quarters, workshops, a market wells and baths, and residences for his wives and children.발음듣기

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His private apartment was richly decorated.발음듣기

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Wrought iron windows and intricate traditional designs adorned the exterior.발음듣기

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Although the Kasbah was designated a Moroccan national landmark in 1954.발음듣기

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It suffered gradual deterioration over the years and was mostly abandoned until the 1990s.발음듣기

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Currently, it is under the protection of CERKAS.발음듣기

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In 2011, the Getty Conservation Institute and CERKAS partnered to develop a methodology for preserving Kasbah Taourirt.발음듣기

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The main objective of the partnership is in collaboration with CERKAS, a government organization to design a comprehensive methodology for the rehabilitation of the Kasbah Taourirt that could serve as model for similar sites around southern Morocco.발음듣기

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In the past five years, we have developed a plan and trained CERKAS personnel in each of the plan activities.발음듣기

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That way, we assure a properly developed rehabilitation plan for other sites around this region.발음듣기

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The project produced a conservation and rehabilitation plan for the site that respects the original structures preserves local building traditions promotes earthen architecture, and trains local professionals.발음듣기

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The first part of the project included the documentation of the entire complex.발음듣기

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Working with Carleton University's Immersive Media Studio, the GCI and CERKAS carried out a comprehensive survey of the various sections of the Kasbah.발음듣기

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Archival and oral history research was also conducted to understand the use of the site over time.발음듣기

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The team developed models showing this evolution.발음듣기

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The second phase encompassed the development of the conservation and rehabilitation plan, followed by conservation treatment.발음듣기

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From the 1970s until 2010, many buildings were heavily altered through the demolition of historic walls and features and by the construction of new elements.발음듣기

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Documentation and research helped to identify the original form and design of the buildings.발음듣기

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The project team also worked with the community to develop priorities for the Kasbah's reuse and to pinpoint features that should be preserved in the site's rehabilitation.발음듣기

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Structures in the Kasbah are now being stabilized and restored using traditional earthen construction and conservation techniques.발음듣기

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This work includes reversing inappropriate alterations and re-establishing the traditional layout and form of the buildings.발음듣기

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A workshop was established onsite to prepare earthen materials.발음듣기

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Local materials from the Ouarzazate area are being used and skilled craftsmen are training laborers in traditional building crafts and techniques.발음듣기

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Restoration work is addressing the problems of greatest priority.발음듣기

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These include replacing damaged roofs repairing structural cracks and damaged walls and eliminating moisture problems and erosion.발음듣기

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Wall paintings conservators are also working inside the richly decorated Caid Residence to preserve and protect important wall paintings.발음듣기

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With Carleton University, conservators documented and assessed each painted surface to identify areas of deterioration.발음듣기

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Treatments are being carried out to stabilize the paintings.발음듣기

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The final phase of the project includes publication of the plan and dissemination of information about the site to local authorities, scholars, and the community.발음듣기

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During the project, training was provided in documentation rehabilitation planning, and analysis of earthen materials and conservation of wall paintings.발음듣기

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With the publication of the plan and completion of the conservation work, the rehabilitation of Kasbah Taourirt can serve as a model for conservation of similar earthen sites in the region.발음듣기

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