Hagia Sophia as a mosque발음듣기
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Hagia Sophia as a mosque
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(lively piano music) Voiceover: We think of Hagia Sophia as a Byzantine church but it also has this whole other life after the invasion of the Ottoman Turks.발음듣기
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We tend to focus on this amazing Byzantine building and we forget about its afterlife and history from 1453 until the establishment of the Turkish Republic when it became a museum.발음듣기
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Voiceover: Buildings are living things and they accrue meaning and they change as societies around them change.발음듣기
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Voiceover: Because it was the most important Byzantine church it was an obvious thing for conversion.발음듣기
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Because mosques and churches are spaces for congregations changing a few key things allow you to re-purpose the building almost immediately.발음듣기
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Voiceover: As the Byzantine Empire had been in financial decline and shrinking in terms of territory, this was one of the few things that got maintained and was still in good conditions where lots of other things in Constantinople weren't in great shape when the Ottoman Turks took it in 1453.발음듣기
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Voiceover: Because of that a lot of the smaller church's walls weren't in great shape but this building still was.발음듣기
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You can see it's very close to the Bosphorus and it's also where a lot of key buildings later on are going to be built by the Ottoman Turks.발음듣기
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Voiceover: Because it was adapted, because it was turned from an orthodox church into a mosque, it survived.발음듣기
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Voiceover: It becomes a symbol of authority because if this was the symbol of the Byzantine Empires religious authority and the emperor's authority, this then by converting it having it become a mosque is a symbol of the sultan's power in the city and throughout the empire.발음듣기
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Voiceover: The mosaics were covered up not because the Muslims don't recognize Christ as at least a prophet but because of the prohibition of figural imagery especially within a religious space.발음듣기
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Voiceover: Certainly that and also Christ when he is depicted he's not depicted as Christ, he's Jesus, and he's a prophet.발음듣기
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He doesn't appear with Mary. He doesn't appear as Christ Pantocrator which is this very typical image in Eastern Orthodox churches.발음듣기
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You can't have him being shown in those ways because those are very Christian depictions of Jesus.발음듣기
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Voiceover: Probably the most obvious thing when you come in are the enormous bits of Arabic calligraphy.발음듣기
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Arabic in the word is critical to the foundation of Islam because the belief is that Mohammed recited the words of God as told to him directly.발음듣기
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Arabic is very important. What's interesting to me of course is that a lot of these round drills which were later additions they're in Arabic so a lot of the community couldn't read them.발음듣기
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When you walk into Hagia Sophia you walk in and you proceed towards the [aps] and everything looks normal until you notice that the mihrab is off center.발음듣기
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Voiceover: The mihrab is the niche at the far end of the building that is a way of pointing towards Mecca.발음듣기
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Voiceover: It's really the important thing because it has to tell you which direction you're supposed to pray and the thing is it's off center here because that's the direction of Mecca.발음듣기
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Voiceover: In fact I noticed that not only is the mihrab off center but all of the architectural elements that in case it, that is the platform on which it's placed and the staircase to the right, the minbar are all oriented together but in opposition to the church that surrounds it.발음듣기
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We also have the platform for the muezzin to make the call to prayer within the mosque, and then we also have the Sultan's lodge all of which are oriented more towards the south than east the way the building is oriented.발음듣기
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His person is sacred and there were very strict protocols that developed in terms of who could talk to him.발음듣기
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In many ways later on in the Ottoman Empire he gets very isolated, but this is how he would come and worship.발음듣기
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They're the quintessential features of mosque architecture but also of the Ottoman urban landscape.발음듣기
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Voiceover: By pencil minaret you're distinguishing them from the thicker minarets that you see maybe in Egypt.발음듣기
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By building in a distinctive style it asserts who you are and what your identity is but it also helps all of us today who are looking at these buildings go, pencil minarets must be Ottomans.발음듣기
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There are two earlier ones. One built by Mahmed II and then one by Sinan, the famous architect who built many of the great monuments in Istanbul in the Ottoman Empire.발음듣기
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The Sultan Ahmed Mosque or the Blue Mosque which is right opposite Hagia Sophia has six which was a bit of a controversy when it was built because that's the number Mecca had.발음듣기
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Voiceover: The Blue Mosque is such a great example of the kind of impact that Hagia Sophia as a mosque had on the architecture throughout the city.발음듣기
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Voiceover: You can't underestimate the importance of Hagia Sophia both in terms of the use of domes and its plan, and as we go and look at other mosque and as you look at different Ottoman creations here you'll start to see that no matter how much there is innovation, and there is huge innovation, Hagia Sophia is always somewhere lurking in the back of an architect's mind.발음듣기
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