Discovering Stravinsky's Firebird: The story and the music

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Discovering Stravinsky's Firebird: The story and the music발음듣기

Gerard: The story of the Firebird involves just a few characters, the firebird; Ivan, the prince: Kastchei, the monster;발음듣기

13 princesses and some other monsters that the Kastchei has created.발음듣기

He's immortal and he petrifies people.발음듣기

It's a terrible thing and Ivan arrives in front of the monster's castle and he sees it's dark but he hears and sees a firebird.발음듣기

He captures her, he was hunting not for firebirds but he captures her and she begs for her release.발음듣기

He releases her and she says, "Whenever you need help I will be there for you."발음듣기

Next 13 princesses come out of the castle and do a round dance.발음듣기

He falls in love with one of them.발음듣기

They returned to the castle and then the next day Ivan goes to this monster, this Kastchei sorcerer and says, "I'd like to marry one of these princesses.발음듣기

Will you give me permission? They get into a quarrel and the monster gets all of his monstrous friends to run after Ivan.발음듣기

At this moment the firebird comes back to repay the freedom that she received and to help him.발음듣기

She gets all of those monsters to do an infernal dance and they do this infernal dance and at the end of the infernal dance they all fall asleep because they're all so tired.발음듣기

This is a chance for Ivan to get away.발음듣기

Kastchei wakes up, she gets him once again to engage in a dance, tells Ivan how to go about breaking the spell and how to kill this monster.발음듣기

He does. Marries the princess. All the petrified people become normal and everybody is happy and life goes on wonderfully after that.발음듣기

The premier was in 1910, the first suite was in 1911.발음듣기

The suite that we play is from 1919.발음듣기

It's in six basic sections. The introduction to the firebird sets the mood, tone of Ivan arriving in front of this castle.발음듣기

Gerard: The mood is set by muted strings, viole, cellos playing unison together.발음듣기

The bass is also playing with them but the bass is divided.발음듣기

Half of them are playing what we call arco with the bow and half of them are played pizzicato, plucking the string.발음듣기

You can also notice that the bass drum is the only other instrument playing a roll underneath, again, to create the suspension.발음듣기

In short order, the woodwinds come in and this is Ivan's entrance into that meadow in front of the castle.발음듣기

Besides the low woodwinds and the horn, you have trombone, two trombones also just creating the image of what Ivan is feeling in the forest.발음듣기

A little glissando in the harp.발음듣기

Just little, little gestures that set the mood in an extraordinary way.발음듣기

Next thing we find is all of a sudden there's a shimmering section of the strings.발음듣기

They play a quick note loud and then they do a tremolo to create a kind of activity without any specific musical gesture, the sound of melody.발음듣기

It does relate to the harmony but it's not significant.발음듣기

Then, the upper strings and the woodwinds come in in a very skittery way and you know that this is obviously the firebird.발음듣기

Then we get to the first solo for the firebird.발음듣기

As you look at it you'll see that it's all woodwinds, it's piccolo, flutes, clarinets and then eventually the strings come in and add a little something.발음듣기

Again, it's repeated, it's very clear, it's short and it's the first solo for the firebird, these variations.발음듣기

Gerard: Next comes the round dance of the princesses.발음듣기

This has a introduction in the woodwinds.발음듣기

Beautiful oboe solo accompanied by the harp.발음듣기

Gerard: It's not really part of the main body of the movement yet.발음듣기

That comes when the strings play this folk like tune.발음듣기

That's clearly where the body of the dance begins.발음듣기

Gerard: As Stravinsky develops this, that material that he had just used now in the strings he does in the woodwinds.발음듣기

This is a very common of all composers, but especially in the 20th century you take material first played by the strings and you take the exact same material and just change the orchestration.발음듣기

In other words, put it in different instruments.발음듣기

In this case he puts it in the woodwinds led by the flutes and it has a new sound and we call that a different color.발음듣기

Gerard: Eventually, this movement comes to an end and abruptly there's this loud chord sounded by the whole orchestra and the percussion.발음듣기

This is of course the infernal dance.발음듣기

This is the dance where the monsters are being, in a sense, led by the firebird to this wild dance and she's hoping that they'll tire and to fall asleep at the end, which of course they do.발음듣기

It's interesting because what he does is he has that chord and startles one.발음듣기

If you're not expecting it you'll jump out of your sit and then the bases have this very fast figure going on that doesn't really do much except create an agitated feeling.발음듣기

Then, the low horns, the bassoon, tuba come in with this syncopated melody.발음듣기

Syncopated simply means it's not on the beat.발음듣기

So, if you'd expect it to be pam-pam-pam-pam-pam-pam.발음듣기

Instead it's, pam-pam-pam-pam-pam-pam.It's all off the beat, we call that syncopated.발음듣기

It adds to the tension that this whole beginning creates.발음듣기

Gerard: This is the infernal dance, evil dance, it's wild and it's fun.발음듣기

When it comes to an end, Stravinsky has just a few chord sound by the muted trumpets, by the harp, by the piano and uses that material as a transition.발음듣기

From this loud, aggressive material, very colorful, percussion and bass drum and everybody beating and blaring away and it just stops and, again, it's suspended, suspended with just a little harmonic movement done by the oboes, eventually the violos as a transition into the [bersus], this beautiful lullaby.발음듣기

Gerard: The lullabies played by the bassoon and in a way to think that if you were doing a lullaby you'd have a theme played by the flute or by the clarinet or violins, but Stravinsky rises absolutely exquisite solo for the solo bassoon, one of the most famous solos in all the literature for the bassoon.발음듣기

Gerard: If anyone ever takes an audition for an orchestra this solo is inevitably on it because it shows sound and the depth of understanding.발음듣기

Stravinsky himself does not write any dynamics.발음듣기

He doesn't say, "Make a crescendo, make a decrescendo.발음듣기

Emphasize this note, emphasize that note.발음듣기

He just writes the notes. If you think of singing a lullaby you certainly wouldn't sing it in a mono tone or in a single level.발음듣기

So the bassoon player has to create something special with this gorgeous melody.발음듣기

This of course puts the monsters to sleep.발음듣기

The melody gets developed and it leads to the finale.발음듣기

What Stravinsky does is he has the strings play this tremolo just back and forth on single notes which create a harmony.발음듣기

Again, it's very suspended which brings us to this song of deliverance.발음듣기

It's a song sung by the horn.발음듣기

Again, among the most famous horn solos ever written and it's soft and it's beautiful.발음듣기

Gerard: With a little glissando in the harp we have the violin section play the same melody quite softly.발음듣기

Gerard: Eventually, this beautiful melody develops, more instruments are added.발음듣기

The brass are added and we have a glorious moment for the ... Now, in fact you could end it here.발음듣기

You could, just at this big great moment you could end it.발음듣기

No, Stravinsky, what a brilliant composer he was and he wanted to have a more exciting ending.발음듣기

Not an ending of deliverance, but an ending of success that we have killed the monster, we have made all these stone people into human beings again and the prince is going to marry the princesses.발음듣기

He takes the same melody that the horn played and he makes it significantly faster played by the brass.발음듣기

Instead of a slow melody it becomes a fast melody.발음듣기

Gerard: Everyone joins in.발음듣기

It has its own rhythmic propulsions being pushed forward in a very unusual way.발음듣기

Again, in his genius he doesn't wanted to end in this aggressive way.발음듣기

He does want to bring back the solemnity of that finale.발음듣기

At one point after repeating the theme a number of times and, again, increasing the orchestration, doublings of the strings and the winds, he once again brings it back to a slower tempo.발음듣기

Gerard: It ends that way with a big brass chorale.발음듣기

Gerard: The complete Firebird is about 50 minutes.발음듣기

Each suite that he created from this, he created three of them, are about 20, 25 minutes each.발음듣기

I believe that they stand up musically.발음듣기

Now, I would say it'd be more difficult to have the whole ballet stand up musically because you have great music but then those moments where things happen for stage changes, for dramatic purposes that really have no musical reason or no musical value at that moment.발음듣기

When someone like Stravinsky takes the essence of a great ballet and makes it into a suite, musically it just stands on its own.발음듣기

If you knew nothing of the story, there's no question you would enjoy this music because it is magnificent.발음듣기

Certainly, Stravinsky was one of the great geniuses of all time and you can really see that not only in hearing the complete Firebird but seeing how he distilled it and made it into this gorgeous little suite.발음듣기

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