Benjamin Franklin and Poor Richard's Almanac발음듣기
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Benjamin Franklin and Poor Richard's Almanac
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He eventually ends up working for his brother as an apprentice at age 12 but then runs away at 17.발음듣기
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His brother had caught him writing these essays under the pseudonym Silas Dogood and Franklin didn't want to remain an apprentice, even though he was bound to do so.발음듣기
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He gets on a boat in Boston, sails, originally to New York and, after a few days, decides to continue on to Philadelphia, going up the Philadelphia Bay, the Delaware Bay, and then into the river and onto the Market Street Wharf of Philadelphia.발음듣기
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When you're really poor, you don't want people to know you're poor so you pretend to be a little bit richer.발음듣기
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There it is, Franklin already caring about his public relations and caring about sort of being a typical American.발음듣기
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He passes a doorway, there's a 15 year old girl named Deborah Reed and she sort of laughs at him, thinks he makes a ridiculous looking figure.발음듣기
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We know this because, years later, when he was 65 years old, he writes his autobiography and there's this scene in it of him arriving in Philadelphia.발음듣기
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I think it's the best and, certainly the most famous, scene in autobiographical literature, which is Ben Franklin's arrival in Philadelphia.발음듣기
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You see him discussing his arrival and, as you look at the manuscript of the autobiography, he writes in the fact that his wife, who must have told him this later, "Hey, I was laughing at you and thought "you made a ridiculous figure."발음듣기
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Later on, Franklin writes in the third draft that he's doing of the autobiography, "As I certainly did."발음듣기
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He's being sort of self aware and self deprecating but also very proud, because here he's saying rags to riches.발음듣기
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Voiceover: Right, he decides to propose marriage to her Her father was a tradesman, a pretty successful merchant in Philadelphia But Benjamin Franklin, first of all he's 17, and he was truly a 17 year old Meaning, he may have been very wise and could write very well but he had a lot of adventures, let us say.발음듣기
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Voiceover: Right, he didn't have equipment he was working for somebody else who was a printer and he wanted to start up a rival print shop and somebody said "I'll stake you, I'll give you money, you go to London, you buy the press".발음듣기
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So, he works for almost two years in London to make enough money to buy the printing equipment.발음듣기
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He has many girlfriends and maybe writing a letter every now and then to his young friend Deborah back in Philadelphia.발음듣기
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And it's a real mess because she gets married, Franklin comes back from London and then her husband disappears.발음듣기
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And so they eventually enter into a Common-law marriage because they couldn't get married in the church because she was technically still married.발음듣기
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And he, as I said, was having fun as a young 20 year old and he had his own illegitimate child, a son named William.발음듣기
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But unlike a lot of people of that period who had illegitimate children, he immediately took responsibility.발음듣기
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And so, Deborah is not only willing to enter into the Common-law marriage, but also help raise his son, William Franklin.발음듣기
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It's hard to know what to make of the relationship between Deborah Reed, who never, as far as we can tell, and I've researched this a lot, never left Philadelphia.발음듣기
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Where as you'll see from Franklin's life he's in London, he's in Paris, he's in Boston, he goes up and down the coast of America during the postal system.발음듣기
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He's got the equipment, and this is when he really starts to establish himself as the Benjamin Franklin most people remember.발음듣기
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Unlike the other newspapers, there are a lot of other newspapers in this small town, maybe nine or ten of them.발음듣기
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Franklin decides to start an independent newspaper with a spunky independent, very freedom-loving American voice and he writes it with a lot of pseudonyms again, in his newspaper.발음듣기
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Writes stories under different people's names, including Polly Baker, a woman he invents who tells a story of how she had illegitimate children but raised them all.발음듣기
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Voiceover: I love the social justice here Voiceover: Social justice a bit, but done with a real sense of humor as Polly Baker is standing in front of the court, saying "Hey, I'm doing "good for this colony.발음듣기
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I have these illegitimate children." (laughs) So it's a very funny fictional piece, it has a little social justice undercurrent.발음듣기
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The other thing he does, because he wants a successful print shop, is he needs books to print.발음듣기
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But, I would guess some of the younger listeners to this will have no idea what an almanack is.발음듣기
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When Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web He says it's because he remembered an almanack an almanack of the same period as Ben Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanack that was called Inquire Within Upon Everything.발음듣기
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Sometimes he did it to disguise and be anonymous, just like we invent pseudonyms when we are on Twitter or something.발음듣기
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Saying he has all these rattling traps and needs to make money out of them, so he's using me to make money, that sort of thing.발음듣기
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And we even get some of the famous old maxims because Franklin liked to put in the margin of his almanack 'Poor Richard's Sayings'.발음듣기
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And there were about 150 of these over the years that become quite famous, some of which he adopted from other people's writings.발음듣기
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Thousands and thousands of copies, so he ends up franchising other people in other cities to create print shops, to do Poor Richard's Almanack.발음듣기
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One of the coolest things he does, as a media guy he has printing press, he has the content, he decides he needs a distribution system.발음듣기
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So he helps create the American Colonial Postal System to tie together all of his print shops and send the newspapers back and forth.발음듣기
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And to help the printing businesses of all of his friends and apprentices and relatives up and down the coast of the colonies be tied together.발음듣기
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Voiceover: The US Colonial Postal System is primarily brought together by Benjamin Franklin as a printer in Philadelphia in order to tie together the various printing shops in the colonies that were usually run by his friends and relatives, and to distribute the content, like Poor Richard's Almanack.발음듣기
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