Geometric: Dipylon Amphora

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Geometric: Dipylon Amphora발음듣기

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(soft music) Voiceover: We're in the National Archeological Museum in Athens looking at the Dipylan Vase.발음듣기

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Voiceover: The so-called Dipylan Vase because it was found near what would later become the Dipylan Gate in Athens and a cemetery right near there.발음듣기

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Voiceover: So this is a gigantic, ceramic pot. It's an anaphora.발음듣기

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But it would have been used as a grave marker in antiquity and it's big.발음듣기

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It's five feet one inch tall.발음듣기

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Voiceover: Yeah, it's almost as tall as I am.발음듣기

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It's unusual in that we see figures.발음듣기

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We see a narrative scene and this is something that we see emerging more and more in the late geometric period.발음듣기

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And geometric is such an obvious name for the style of this vase.발음듣기

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Voiceover: Well look at the vase, it's covered from its foot all the way to the lip of its mouth with sharp edge geometric patterns.발음듣기

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I see meanders, I see diamonds, I see triangles.발음듣기

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This is a pot coming out of that ancient tradition which really avoided empty space.발음듣기

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Voiceover: We do see black bands around the base where the neck meets the body and at the very lip of the vase.발음듣기

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So we do have some black bands designating the separate parts of the vase.발음듣기

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Voiceover: But the most interesting part is the fact that we have emerging here representations of animals and even of people.발음듣기

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As you said we only see that at the end of the geometric period.발음듣기

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Voiceover: On the neck of the vase we see deer grazing.발음듣기

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Voiceover: Below that we see what are either goats or gazelles perhaps or some people have said deer as well.발음듣기

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Voiceover: Lying down or seated.발음듣기

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Voiceover: But notice in both cases with the deer and with the goats, it's really a repeated motif so that it is a continuation of that pattern that is so much a part even of the non-figurative areas of the pot.발음듣기

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Voiceover: It's true in the bodies of the animals are reduced to geometric shapes, each one is exactly identical to the one before and the one after and they're almost easy to miss as animal figures.발음듣기

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Voiceover: Because they are so much a part of the pattern of the pot.발음듣기

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Voiceover: But in the main phrase at the shoulder of the pot, almost at its widest point.발음듣기

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Voiceover: Right where the handles meet the body.발음듣기

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Voiceover: We see a number of mourning figures on either side of the body of a dead woman.발음듣기

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Voiceover: Now we know it's a woman because she is wearing a skirt and different genders were identified in that way and she's lying on a funeral [bure] with a shroud held above her.발음듣기

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Voiceover: You see figures pulling at their hair, this is a symbol of mourning.발음듣기

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Some people have even interpreted the little M-shaped patterns falling between the figures as tears.발음듣기

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Voiceover: Look at how the artist has avoided leaving any space blank.발음듣기

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Even between those M-shapes, he's painted little star shapes to fill in the blank spaces.발음듣기

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Voiceover: Below the dead woman we can see perhaps the family.발음듣기

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We see larger figures on their knees and then we see smaller figures, perhaps the children.발음듣기

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Voiceover: The bodies are upside down triangles. The legs are lozenges.발음듣기

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Everything is very reduced and the figures are all rendered as black silhouettes.발음듣기

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Now the Greeks had a very specific way of firing pots to get the red ground and the black figures above it.발음듣기

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Voiceover: So this is not glaze in the modern sense, instead this is slip wear.발음듣기

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So slip is fine particles of clay that are suspended in water and then painted on the surface of the pot.발음듣기

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Now this was very difficult because when you painted on that slip it was the same color as the dry clay before it was fired.발음듣기

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But then it was the next step that was important.발음듣기

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Voiceover: It was fired in a kiln at about 900 degrees.발음듣기

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Voiceover: That's Celsius.발음듣기

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Voiceover: It was fired in a wake where oxygen was withdrawn from the kiln.발음듣기

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This causes the entire pot to turn black.발음듣기

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Voiceover: The kiln was then allowed to cool somewhat and then oxygen was allowed back into the kiln and then what happens is, the parts of the vase that are not painted return to their warm, red color and only the parts that were painted remain black.발음듣기

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And so you can imagine how difficult this was to control in the ancient world before thermometers.발음듣기

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Voiceover: It really is an amazing testament to the skill of Greek potters.발음듣기

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Voiceover: Well the person who actually fashioned this pot produced it on a wheel but had to produce it in sections and then fit these sections together seamlessly.발음듣기

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Voiceover: This is a great example of late geometric Greek pottery. (soft music)발음듣기

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