Serbian and Macedonian fronts발음듣기
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Serbian and Macedonian fronts
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As we've already talked about multiple times, World War I broke out in 1914 and the beginning of it was all about Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia using the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand as the pretext for declaring war on Serbia. This was in July 28th 1914, they declare war on Serbia and if you were a military analyst at the time, you would have assumed that this would have been kind of a quick action.발음듣기
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Austria-Hungary, you're talking about this empire here huge economy, huge military industrial complex huge army Serbians, much smaller country much poorer country, they had also fought several recent wars, they were very ill-equipped.발음듣기
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But 1914 did not prove that way for the Austro-Hungarians and this actually really could be viewed as a huge victory, a huge surprise, for the Serbians. If the Serbians were able to keep the Austro-Hungarians back. Serbians Serbians hold.발음듣기
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But at the end of 1914 you would have surprised a military analysts and the Serbians were able to hold despite being less equipped and and despite just being a smaller country.발음듣기
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By 1915, other parties other than the Austro-Hungarians decide to get involved against the the Serbians.발음듣기
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In particular you have the Bulgarians that prior to 1915, they were kind of trying to figure out who which side of the war they want to fall in on but they have had several battles or several wars recently with Serbia wanted as recently as 1913. They were eager to capture back some territory.발음듣기
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So 1915, the Bulgarians joined the war on the side of the central powers and as we exit 1915, you have a joint offensive between the Bulgarians, the Austro-Hungarians and the Germans against this small country against this small country of Serbia.발음듣기
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And the Germans interest other than the fact that they wanted to support their ally, Austria-Hungary.. the Austria there were also eager to take control of the railways between Berlin in Constantinople and that railway went into went into Serbia and so if they were able to capture this, take Serbia out of the war, then they would able to send supplies much more easily to the Ottoman... to their other ally, the Ottoman empire.발음듣기
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You have a joint offensive between the German army and this is what this map right here is depicting Right over here...발음듣기
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This is the second Bulgarian army and their joint offensive is hugely successful for the central powers.발음듣기
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It's actually impressive on the side of the Serbians that it took this much force to be able to roll through Serbia but they were able to roll through Serbia...발음듣기
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Essentially occupy all of Serbia they put the Serbian army on the run and the only redeeming thing is that some...for the Serbians, is that some element of the Serbian army was actually able to escape through Montenegro and Albania and some of the civilians.발음듣기
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And then they were transported by the Allies, by the Entente to be over to recuperate and then join as will see on the Macedonian front. So 1915 1915...발음듣기
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Now right when that was happening, the Allies had recognized that Serbia was in a very difficult situation.발음듣기
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French and British troops did start to land did start to land in Salonika right over here in order to one would think help the Serbian... help the Serbian forces.발음듣기
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Now they weren't able to arrive and act in enough time to prevent what happened in October of October of 1915.발음듣기
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You have some French forces that were able to essentially distracted the Bulgarian second army that aided to some degree the Serbian retreat.발음듣기
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But essentially they started to build... they started to build their own forces right over here in Salonika.발음듣기
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Now this is interesting because we're talking about this region right over here. Kind of Macedonian Greece.발음듣기
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And I wanna... I'm sure I'm going to say this incorrectly Venizelos, he was leaning towards the allied parties and so you started to have this kind of disconnect between the two and the prime minister resigns but he has active support especially in kind of Macedonian and especially in Macedonian Greece and obviously he has support amongst the Allies.발음듣기
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So as you go into 1916, as you go into 1916, you have a coup for Venizelos in Macedonian Greece and especially around Salonika which is essentially being held by the Allies even though Greece is essentially, is officially neutral.발음듣기
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So after the coup for Venizelos you essentially have Greece kind of Macedonian Greece is under the control of supporters of Venizelos and supporters of the Allies while the rest of Greece is still loyal to the king and the king is leaning towards the central powers but it's not really clear what he wants to do about it.발음듣기
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Obviously blockades are always inflict a lot of hardship, economic hardship, human hardship on civilians but this is essentially forces in June.발음듣기
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In June... of 1917 Constantine the First Constantine Constantine goes into exile and essentially at this point all of Greece is under... is kind of supporting the Allies and Greece goes on the side of the Allies. So in this map right over here that shows kind of the Allied powers the Entente powers and the central powers, Greece right over here is depicted as an Allied power but it was neutral.발음듣기
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It was officially neutral as we go through 1917. Only after the overthrow only after Constantine the First goes into exile do we have Greece formally formally becoming an ally.발음듣기
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And at this point will be called the Macedonian front Serbia has been lost to the central powers.발음듣기
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You have regrouped Serbian forces at Salonika. They'd been transported to Salonika and in Greek Macedonian in general.발음듣기
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You have the British and the French army and so as we get into September 1918 they are ready to go on the offensive.발음듣기
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And you need to remember what's happening in the rest of Europe at this point. You might remember.발음듣기
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This is the beginning of the hundred days offensive that marked the allied victory on the western fronts.발음듣기
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You had a great morale amongst the Allies. You had not so great morale amongst the the central powers.발음듣기
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Allied offensive Allied offensive coming out of Greece coming out of I guess you could call it Macedonian Greece.발음듣기
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Hugely successful, they are able to retake they are able to retake Serbia and actually some of the British forces are able to go east and retake Constantinople and so this is... part of this Macedonian front is part of this overall...발음듣기
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And we saw on the western front kind of the end to the the central powers ambitions in World War I.발음듣기
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