Comparing the Eastern and Western fronts in WWI발음듣기
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Comparing the Eastern and Western fronts in WWI
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출처 : 칸아카데미
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The Eastern and Western fronts, even though they were fronts of the same war, were very different in character.발음듣기
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A lot of it came out of the fact of who was fighting it and especially how big the actual fronts were.발음듣기
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The Western front, which was generally this region, was a much smaller front than the Eastern front.발음듣기
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If you imagine trying to dig a bunch of trenches - Trenches are a huge advantage for the defending army, as long as you can block off the entire region with trenches.발음듣기
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If you want to make some ground an attacking army has to cross the trenches, and because you now have machine guns the defending soldiers could sit behind their trenches and mow down the attacking army, very easily.발음듣기
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And that is what caused the Western front, especially after the Schlieffen plan was not executed as quickly as possible, it turned into a stalemate.발음듣기
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On the Eastern front, you had this huge front, you couldn't have-- they didn't have enough people to dig trenches across this entire front.발음듣기
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And you can imagine, if you tried to dig a trench, but you weren't able to cover the entire front, then the attacking army doesn't have to storm your trench, they could just go around your trench.발음듣기
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And because trench warfare was not a significant factor, not anywhere near as much a factor on the Eastern front, it was a much more fluid front.발음듣기
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You had offensives and counter-offensives between the Germans and Austrians on one side, and the Russians on the other.발음듣기
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Now, the other factor, and this was mainly with Russia as a variable - the other factor was what was going on in Russia.발음듣기
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Russia had several things going for it: mainly it had a huge standing army even before the war and it was able to amass even more.발음듣기
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But what was going against it - and this is why they eventually had to get into a very unfavorable treaty with the Central Powers near the end of the war - is that it had huge internal problems.발음듣기
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It was arguably due to the economic and the human cost of the war but as we enter into 1917, you first have the February Revolution;발음듣기
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Czar Nicolas II has to abdicate the throne because of the riots that are going on because of the unhappiness, the unease, of people going hungry the morale of the troops going down, And on top of that, Russian military, even though it had a huge army at the beginning of the war, the Russian industry was not ready to fully supply the army as good as the German army was.발음듣기
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And on top of that, it had communication problems and in the beginning phases of the Eastern Front, it even had issues co?rdinating its actual armies.발음듣기
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But what we will see is:Western Front, Schlieffen plan not executed as fast as possible, ends up in a stalemate - This did allow the Germans to bring some of their troops back to the Eastern front to fight the Russians.발음듣기
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This goes back and forth as we will see, but once you enter into 1917, you have a revolution in Russia: first the February Revolution Czar Nicolas has to abdicate - and then later that year, the Bolsheviks overthrow the interim governement.발음듣기
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You now have Communist Russia and the Bolshevik military are in no mood to continue to fight the Germans and Austria-Hungary.발음듣기
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