Alliances leading to World War I

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Alliances leading to World War I발음듣기

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One of the reasons that's most cited as to a cause or the cause of why World War One turned into a world war as opposed to just a regional conflict in Southeast Europe is the alliance system that was developing in the decades leading up to World War One.발음듣기

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And to understand that, i've distilled a bunch of the alliances that occurred in those decades leading up to World War One. This is just a distilled version, there are many other alliances that were tangentially related, but I'll try to distill down the ones that were directly related to all of the dominoes falling in 1914, that led to all of Europe being essentially at war with each other.발음듣기

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So to understand that, we have to rewind 75 years.발음듣기

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So World War One it starts in 1914;발음듣기

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75 years before that, in 1839, you have the Treaty of London, and the Treaty of London did many things, but Article 7 is what's relevant to the beginning of World War One, where Britain agrees to protect the neutrality of the Belgium.발음듣기

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And, if you're skeptical you might say: "Hey, this is a 75 year old treaty, why does this matter anymore?" and that actually would be a good question.발음듣기

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Really all of these alliances, it's a very healthy debate you can have as to whether these are the direct causes of why one of these powers declared war on the other, or whether these were just excuses, these were kind of a legal pretext for saying "Oh i need to declare war" and in reality they really did want to declare war for a whole set of reasons, to kind of keep the other persons' empire and check, to flex their military muscle, to go after more territory in their empires, who knows what it might be?발음듣기

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But needless to say 1839 was a legal basis for the British Empire to protect to protect Belgium.발음듣기

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Now you fast forward forty years, you get to 1879.발음듣기

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You have a newly born German Empire out of the Franco Prussian War in 1871.발음듣기

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That newly born German Empire, they just had a... essentially it's an extension of Prussia, fundamentally a German kingdom, they just had a war with France, they took some very valuable territory from France, they're paranoid that France wants to get back at them, they're paranoid about they're paranoid about the Russians,발음듣기

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and they have some connection with the Austrians, or the austro-hungarians I should say,발음듣기

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and so in 1879, they sign the Dual Alliance Treaty between Germany and Austria-Hungary to protect each other if Russia attacks.발음듣기

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They have this common enemy right over here: Russia.발음듣기

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So they're going to... let me do some different color...발음듣기

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They're going to protect each other.발음듣기

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So this makes the new German empire feel a little bit better about its position in Europe in case they were to get into a war with either of these characters.발음듣기

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Then in 1892, you can imagine if you ever play a game of Risk, or if you play the game of Diplomacy, which is actually based on what happened in World War One, if you see some people that you might be at war with starting to become friends, you want to look for other friends, other alliances that you can form in case they declare war on you.발음듣기

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So in 1892, you have an alliance between the French and the Russians, the Franco-Russian Military Convention, so this is an alliance... let me do this in the magenta colour again.발음듣기

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You have an alliance between France France and Russia.발음듣기

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And then finally in the early nineteen hundreds, 1904 to 1907, you have a series of agreements, "ententes" essentially means "agreements", agreements between the British Empire and France, between the British Empire and the Russian Empire, to essentially get on good terms with each other.발음듣기

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These weren't as formally bonding that "Hey, if someone's going to attack you, i'm going to attack them", but they were essentially able to resolve a lot of their issues on what's going on in their other imperial conquest and they formed what is called "The Triple Entente", the triple agreement between Britain, between the British Empire, and right here i just circle the United Kingdom, France France and Russia.발음듣기

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And on the other side of that, you had the Triple Alliance: you have Germany, you have Austria-Hungary, and you also have... You also have Italy.발음듣기

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Now the reason why, even though entering into World War One, Italy was formerly part of the Triple Alliance, and there were treaties between Italy and Germany to become part of this triple alliance, the reason i don't focus on those, is once the war started, Italy did not go on the side of Germany and Austria-Hungary.발음듣기

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It went on the side of the allies, on the side of the Triple Entente.발음듣기

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But this will give you a good background for why what would seem like a regional skirmish in Southeast Europe turns into a pan-Europe and eventually pan global war.발음듣기

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