Four Buddhas at the American Museum of Natural History발음듣기
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Four Buddhas at the American Museum of Natural History
49문장
100% 한국어
번역 5명 참여
출처 : 칸아카데미
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[LIGHT JAZZ PIANO MELODY] For me, the special thing about a Buddha image is often the smile, that beautiful, transcendent smile, and behind the smile is the story of how the Buddha got to the smile.발음듣기
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He was seeking transcendence from human suffering, and all part of this journey from growing up in a life full of luxury, and leaving the walls of his palace and encountering four things that changed the course of his life forever: a corpse, a sick man, a holy man and an old man.발음듣기
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He realised that the beautiful body of a prince was really a receptacle for pus and urine and excrement... the body would be diseased, it would grow old - and these things were impermanent.발음듣기
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We see the smile of liberation on his lips, we see the hand pointed to the earth, calling on the earth to witness his enlightenment.발음듣기
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It's useful to remember that the worshipper would look up - the Buddha is sacred, the statue is placed high in relation to us, and smiles down on us, and gives us the sense that we too can overcome pain and suffering of the world and give in to a transcendent place.발음듣기
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We can see that he grew up in a life of luxury, the elongated ears, which reveals that he would have worn really heavy earrings, But the ears mean something else besides; yes the lobes are distended, yes, the lobes held jewellery, but he also has ears that mark him as a particularly special person.발음듣기
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The 'urna', between his eyes, represents the moment of spiritual awareness, and the 'ushnisha' on the top of the head the moment of enlightenment.발음듣기
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And also often we see the Buddha sitting on a lotus flower, a symbol of getting beyond pain and overcoming obstacles to achieve goodness, because the lotus flower lives in the mud, and eventually cleanses itself to become beautiful.발음듣기
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Throughout Asia, monks often live in mountain monasteries, they have withdrawn from the stress and strain of normal everyday social life and the pain that it engenders among us.발음듣기
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And this is a Thai statue, and if you look you see the lithe body of a beautiful South-East Asian Prince, you see the grace of the hands that might even make you think of the way dancers dance in Thailand, So even though it's a classic Buddha, it's fairly recent and not from India. Buddhism is a travelling religion.발음듣기
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Buddhism went North and Buddhism went South:Northern Buddhism, sometimes known as 'Mahayana Buddhism', the Buddhism of the greater vehicle, Theravada Buddhism - well, Theravadans claim the original form - for Theravadans, enlightenment is an individual project.발음듣기
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Buddhism also went North, and there enlightenment is a more collective project, Buddhism is a more collective project, one of my old professors used to say, "Theravadan Buddhism, that is like getting to nirvana by private car.발음듣기
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We'll see how different statues reflect the tastes and the characteristics of people living in all of the different places where Buddhism travelled.발음듣기
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Another Buddha, totally different, also recognisable as a Buddha, but look at those elaborate robes and the hair, and the facial features...발음듣기
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Yes, there's a good reason why this statue looks the way it does and it's a great example of how Buddhism travelled.발음듣기
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This is a statue from Gandhara, Gandhara in Pakistan, on the edge of the Af-Pak border, that area that's so fraught today.발음듣기
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And, if you look at the statue, you see the facial hair, the features, suggest something of people who live in that part of the world, but look at those flowing robes, those might recall a Greek statue.발음듣기
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The reason for that, people think, is because this was the easternmost extent of Alexander's empire, this was a part of Asia that had very close ties to the Greco-Roman world, and a place where styles of sculpting probably were influenced by those traditions.발음듣기
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This Buddha is not calling on the earth to witness his enlightenment, it's a whole different 'mudra', a whole different posture, And yet he's still in the lotus pose, he has the long ears, and he has that meditative expression on his face.발음듣기
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To me it's a bit... austere? Almost a bit intimidating, the black robes and the staff in his hand, although recognisable because of the lotus flower that he's standing on, And the long ears! This is a Japanese figure, a very elegant, very austere one, as you've said, but this is Jizo the bodisattva, and he's actually a very benign figure.발음듣기
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It's again this idea of enlightenment via the big bus: bodhisattvas help us, we're down here in the world of pain, and there are beings who put off their own transcendence to be there for us.발음듣기
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The most popular figure is Guanyin, a female bodhisattva, who, in many respects resembles a mother.발음듣기
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Now Jizo is sometimes identified with Guanyin, he again swing back to the masculine side, but Jizo, Jizo is there in the world of the dead to help people get through.발음듣기
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He's not an underworld judge, he's not a punishing figure, Jizo says, come huddle under my cloak and I'll help you.발음듣기
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In Japan he is often associated with children, a protector of children, you see shrines to Jizo in neighbourhoods.발음듣기
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And those are usually folksy figures, they're a little bit more approachable than this very austere statue.발음듣기
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And he is a protector of dead children, there will be Jizo shrines in Japanese temples, and there'll be a lot of little Jizo figures that represent the children themselves, and people will leave candy and toys for them. They're very very poignant places.발음듣기
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My goodness, what a radical change to the fat happy laughing Buddha that we see all around New York City!발음듣기
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All around the world, in shops, in the back of taxi cabs, And there's a good reason for that, because this is a Buddha associated with good fortune, with fertility and by extension, wealth.발음듣기
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This is the Buddha that helps you when you're dealing with this quirky market, maybe makes things turn out in your favour...발음듣기
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This is the Buddha of the future, there are many Buddhas, many enlightened beings, Prince Siddhartha, the Buddha we think of as the Buddha, was actually only one, this particular Buddha, Maitreya, the Buddha of the future, is a being who is an apocalyptic figure, he signifies changing times and as a consequence he seems very magical.발음듣기
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He's also inspired by a legend of a monk that lived a thousand years ago, Hotei, who travelled around, carrying a sack, as Buddha would have also carried a sack quite often, delivering goods to people, candy to children as the legend holds, rice to adults for their fields, almost a Santa Claus type of figure.발음듣기
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And in the historic existence of the monk Hotei, people probably thought, 'ah the Buddha of the future is among us.'발음듣기
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