Manuscripts: major works of art

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Manuscripts: major works of art발음듣기

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Male: Most people, when they come upon the gallery, I think, are rather surprised that these little books were even important objects, or that they could be so finely and so splendidly painted.발음듣기

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People often don't realize that the greatest artists, the finest artists, of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance illuminated manuscripts.발음듣기

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They were a primary art form, not a minor or decorative art form.발음듣기

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The earliest great illuminated manuscripts were of liturgical use.발음듣기

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They were used in the celebration of the divine services.발음듣기

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They are books that were written by hand and painted by hand, and painted with gold, silver, lapis, and precious materials, to glorify the Word of God.발음듣기

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The Stammheim Missal is arguably the greatest manuscript in the Getty collection.발음듣기

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It is considered the finest German illuminated manuscript of the twelfth century.발음듣기

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This miniature on the left is one of the great miniatures, I think, in the book.발음듣기

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It shows Christ at his second coming, where He's shown resurrected in glory.발음듣기

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His hand is raised in blessing, and it's all arranged in this very simple design, with the mandorla in the center, the strong symmetry.발음듣기

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The symbols of the evangelists are shown in these little half-circles.발음듣기

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Essentially, it has a very elaborate, geometric structure.발음듣기

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Part of the beauty of this book is, despite the amount of moral and spiritual message that the artist endeavors to imply, that it's all done with a great kind of clarity.발음듣기

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One of the greatest manuscripts in the collection is this prayer book called, "The Prayer Book Albrecht of Brandenburg."발음듣기

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Each of the prayers is illustrated with a magnificent miniature, which tells the very, very familiar story of Christ from the time of the Annunciation, and all of these miniatures are set in these wonderful nocturnal scenes, that are lit only by candlelight and torches, as you see here, so that in fact, the effect in itself is very, very dramatic.발음듣기

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Christ is always shown as this very human, very sensitive and fragile individual.발음듣기

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This manuscript is a great secular manuscript, written by Giovanni Boccaccio, the great Italian author of "The Decameron."발음듣기

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The Fates of Illustrious Men and Women tells how people rose up to fame and power and importance, and often, not long afterwards, suffered unpleasant fate.발음듣기

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The miniature that you see here tells the story of Adam and Eve, and it's painted by The Boucicaut Master.발음듣기

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The Boucicaut Master was the greatest French illuminator of the first half of the fifteenth century, and an enormously influential and important artist.발음듣기

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Part of his greatness is, in fact, as a storyteller, for the wonderful clarity with which he conveys the different narratives in the book.발음듣기

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On the left you see Boccaccio himself, as he writes the story of this book, and on the right we have the stooped Adam and Eve.발음듣기

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The aged couple are approaching him, in fact, to tell their narrative.발음듣기

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In a way, the story all begins with Boccaccio and his vision of their life.발음듣기

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Such a book was opened at night, and as the owner, or whatever, sat in bed, one of his aides would actually read them aloud, and then of course they would have the opportunity to look at the wonderful pictures.발음듣기

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I think it's important to keep in mind that although they were books, they came to be prized more and more as works of art.발음듣기

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They were brought out on special occasions, and they were shown to colleagues and friends and courtiers as an example of the status and the taste and the judgment of their patrons.발음듣기

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