Powers of Ten™ (1977)발음듣기
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Powers of Ten™ (1977)
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출처 : 칸아카데미
Powers of Ten™ (1977)
(narrator) A picnic near the lake side in Chicago is the start of a lazy afternoon early one October.
We begin with a scene one meter wide, which we view from just one meter away.
Now, every 10 seconds we will look from 10 times farther away and our field of view will be 10 times wider.
This square is 10 meters wide and in 10 seconds the next square will be 10 times as wide.
Our picture will center one the picnickers, even after they've been lost to sight.
One hundred meters wide, a distance a man can run in 10 seconds.
Cars crowd the highway, powerboats lie at their docks.
The colorful bleachers are Soldier's Field.
This square is a kilometer wide, 1000 meters, the distance a racing car can travel in 10 seconds.
We see the great city on the lakeshore.
Ten to the fourth meters, 10 kilometers, the distance a supersonic airplane can travel in 10 seconds.
We see first the rounded end of Lake Michigan, then the whole great lake.
Ten to the fifth meters, the distance an orbiting satellite covers in 10 seconds.
Long parades of clouds, the day's weather in the Middle West.
Ten to the sixth, a one with six zeros, a million meters.
Soon the Earth will show as a solid sphere.
We are able to see the whole Earth now, just over a minute along the journey.
The Earth diminishes into the distance, but those background stars are so much farther away that they do not yet appear to move.
A line extends at the true speed of light.
In one second it half crosses the tilted orbit of the moon.
Now, we mark a small part of the path in which the Earth moves about the sun.
Now, the orbital paths of the neighbor planets, Venus and Mars, then Mercury.
Entering our field of view is the glowing center of solar system, the sun, followed by the massive outer planets, swinging wide in their big orbits.
The outer orbits belongs to Pluto, a fringe of a myriad comets too faint to see completes the solar system.
Ten to the fourteenth, as the solar system shrinks to one bright point in the distance, our sun is plainly now only one among the stars.
Looking back from here, we note four southern constellations still much as they appear from the far side of the Earth.
This square is 10 to the sixteenth meters, one light-year, not yet out to the next star.
Our last 10-second step took us 10 light-years further.
The next will be 100.
Our perspective changes so much in each step now that even the background stars will appear to converge.
At last we pass the bright star, Arcturus, and some stars of the Dipper.
Normal, but quite unfamiliar, stars and clouds of gas surround us as we traverse the Milky Way Galaxy.
Giant steps carry us into the outskirts of the galaxy, and as we pull away we begin to see the great flat spiral facing us.
The time and path we chose to leave Chicago has brought us out of the galaxy along a course nearly perpendicular to its disk.
The two little satellite galaxies of our own are the clouds of Magellan.
Ten to the twenty-second power, a million light-years.
Groups of galaxies bring a new level of structure to the scene.
Glowing points are no longer single stars, but whole galaxies of stars seen as one.
We pass the big Virgo cluster of galaxies among others, a hundred million light-years out.
As we approach the limit of our vision, we pause to start back home.
This lonely scene, the galaxies like dust, is what most of space looks like.
This emptiness is normal.
The richness of our own neighborhood is the exception.
The trip back to the picnic on the lakefront will be a sped up version, reducing the distance of the earth's surface by one power of 10 every two seconds.
In each two seconds we will appear to cover 90% of the remaining distance back to Earth.
Notice the alternation between great activity and relative inactivity, a rhythm that will continue all the way into our next goal, a proton and the nucleus of a carbon atom beneath the skin on the hand of the sleeping man at the picnic.
Ten to the ninth meters, then to the eighth, seven, six, five, four, three, two, one.
We are back at our starting point.
We slow up at one meter, 10 to the zero power.
Now, we reduce the distance to our final destination by 90% every 10 seconds, each step much smaller than the one before.
At 10 to the minus two, one one-hundredth of a meter, one centimeter, we approach the surface of the hand.
In a few seconds we'll be entering the skin, crossing layer after layer from the outermost dead cells into a tiny blood vessel within.
Skin layers vanish in turn.
An outer layer of cells, felty collagen.
A capillary containing red blood cells and a ruffly lymphocyte.
We enter the white cell.
Among its vital organelles, the porous wall of the cell nucleus appears.
A nucleus within holds the heredity of the man in the coiled coils of DNA.
As we close in, we come to the double helix itself, a molecule like a long twisted ladder whose rungs of paired bases spell out twice, in an alphabet of four letters, the words of a powerful genetic message.
At the atomic scale, the interplay of form and motion becomes more visible.
We focus on one commonplace group of three hydrogen atoms bonded by electrical forces to a carbon atom.
Four electrons make up the outer shell of the carbon itself.
They appear in quantum motion as a swarm of shimmering points.
At 10 to the minus 10 meters, one angstrom, we find ourselves right among those outer electrons.
Now, we come upon the two inner electrons held in a tighter swarm.
As we draw toward the atom's attracting center, we enter upon a vast inner space.
At last, the carbon nucleus, so massive and so small.
This carbon nucleus is made up of six protons and six neutrons.
We are in a domain of universal modules.
There are protons and neutrons in every nucleus, electrons in every atom.
Atoms bond into every molecule out to the farthest galaxy.
As a single proton fills our scene, we reach the edge of present understanding.
Are these some quarks in intense interaction?
Our journey has taken us through 40 powers of ten.
If now the field is one unit, then when we saw many clusters of galaxies together, it was 10 to the 40th, or one and forty zeros.
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(narrator) A picnic near the lake side in Chicago is the start of a lazy afternoon early one October.발음듣기
대기중
Now, every 10 seconds we will look from 10 times farther away and our field of view will be 10 times wider.발음듣기
대기중
This square is a kilometer wide, 1000 meters, the distance a racing car can travel in 10 seconds.발음듣기
대기중
Ten to the fourth meters, 10 kilometers, the distance a supersonic airplane can travel in 10 seconds.발음듣기
대기중
The Earth diminishes into the distance, but those background stars are so much farther away that they do not yet appear to move.발음듣기
대기중
Entering our field of view is the glowing center of solar system, the sun, followed by the massive outer planets, swinging wide in their big orbits.발음듣기
대기중
The outer orbits belongs to Pluto, a fringe of a myriad comets too faint to see completes the solar system.발음듣기
대기중
Ten to the fourteenth, as the solar system shrinks to one bright point in the distance, our sun is plainly now only one among the stars.발음듣기
대기중
Looking back from here, we note four southern constellations still much as they appear from the far side of the Earth.발음듣기
대기중
Our perspective changes so much in each step now that even the background stars will appear to converge.발음듣기
대기중
Normal, but quite unfamiliar, stars and clouds of gas surround us as we traverse the Milky Way Galaxy.발음듣기
대기중
Giant steps carry us into the outskirts of the galaxy, and as we pull away we begin to see the great flat spiral facing us.발음듣기
대기중
The time and path we chose to leave Chicago has brought us out of the galaxy along a course nearly perpendicular to its disk.발음듣기
대기중
The trip back to the picnic on the lakefront will be a sped up version, reducing the distance of the earth's surface by one power of 10 every two seconds.발음듣기
대기중
Notice the alternation between great activity and relative inactivity, a rhythm that will continue all the way into our next goal, a proton and the nucleus of a carbon atom beneath the skin on the hand of the sleeping man at the picnic.발음듣기
대기중
Now, we reduce the distance to our final destination by 90% every 10 seconds, each step much smaller than the one before.발음듣기
대기중
At 10 to the minus two, one one-hundredth of a meter, one centimeter, we approach the surface of the hand.발음듣기
대기중
In a few seconds we'll be entering the skin, crossing layer after layer from the outermost dead cells into a tiny blood vessel within.발음듣기
대기중
As we close in, we come to the double helix itself, a molecule like a long twisted ladder whose rungs of paired bases spell out twice, in an alphabet of four letters, the words of a powerful genetic message.발음듣기
대기중
We focus on one commonplace group of three hydrogen atoms bonded by electrical forces to a carbon atom.발음듣기
대기중
At 10 to the minus 10 meters, one angstrom, we find ourselves right among those outer electrons.발음듣기
대기중
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