Duccio, The Rucellai Madonna

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Duccio, The Rucellai Madonna발음듣기

You know--the Florentines get all the credit and it's important to remember that there was another major city in the 1300s that was also in Tuscany that was another independent republic and this is the Republic of Siena with the capital city of Siena.발음듣기

And there was an enormously important and influential painter there whose name was Duccio.발음듣기

And so let's look at one of his most important paintings the Rucellai Madonna.발음듣기

Dr. Beth Harris: We're looking at a painting of the Madonna holding the Christ child surrounded by three angels on either side, and twelve feet high so a very large painting.발음듣기

Dr. Zucker: Yeah, it's a huge painting.발음듣기

In fact, the virgin Mary herself is twice the height if not larger than a human being it's an altar piece that's meant to be seen a great distance within a huge church.발음듣기

Dr. Harris: And there's so many decorative patterns here, on the throne, in the spaces in between the posts that make up the throne, we see reds and blues.발음듣기

And then we've got more patterning in the drapery behind the throne.발음듣기

Dr. Zucker: The characteristics that you're referencing are seen by art historians to be the definition of Sienese art of this time highly decorative, highly patterned and with a subtlety of color that we don't often see in Florentine.발음듣기

Dr. Harris: First of all, Mary's whole body is in this lovely ultramarine blue which was a very expensive paint, but the angels--we see purples and greens and pinks and blues.발음듣기

Dr. Zucker: And they are subtle and prismatic in a way that we don't so much see in the flatter colors of the Florentine style.발음듣기

Dr. Harris: It's hard to say that Mary's sitting "in" her throne. (laughter)발음듣기

Dr. Harris: The throne itself is so flat.발음듣기

Dr. Zucker: It's almost a background against which she is seen.발음듣기

There's so much details and so much decorative patterning in the throne, especially in the cloth that drapes the throne that it's structure get's lost, because pattern of course does emphasize the two dimensional.발음듣기

You know when I look at Sienese art especially the Rucellai Madonna, I tend to think of an artist who is so in love with the ability to create beauty that pattern and form tend to trump the overall representation and the emphasis on any kind of naturalism--or any physicality.발음듣기

For instance look at the Byzantine influenced hands of Mary look how long those fingers are.발음듣기

It's almost as if the artist has gotten lost in the length of those fingers as they wrap around Christ waist.발음듣기

Dr. Harris: They are very beautiful--those hands.발음듣기

I'm thinking also about the amount of gold here.발음듣기

We see the disappearance of all of that gold through the 1300s and to the 1400s.발음듣기

Here the painting's value is largely in that ultramarine paint that was expensive and in the use of gold.발음듣기

And what happens during the Renaissance is that the artist, himself, is valued the artist's skill becomes more valued.발음듣기

Not that Duccio's skill wasn't valued, but the value was also heavily in the materials that were used that were often dictated by the patron.발음듣기

Dr. Zucker: Now the ultramarine blue that you are referencing was actually made of the semi-precision stone--lapis lazuli.발음듣기

And during the Renaissance, the only mines that were available for lapis were in Afghanistan still a remote place for us in the 21st century.발음듣기

One can only image how exotic and rare and difficult importing from Afghanistan would have been in the 1200s.발음듣기

Dr. Harris: And here we have an enormous quantity of that color being used.발음듣기

Dr. Zucker: So this is--in some ways--ostentatious.발음듣기

In some ways this is a painting that is broadcasting its value, its wealth, its importance.발음듣기

what's so interesting is this was a commission for the main altar in Santa Maria Novella in Florence although it's by a Sienese artist and Santa Maria Novella is the main Dominican church that is one of the mendicant orders this order of begging monks that had renounced worldly processions,발음듣기

so there's this interesting tension we had mentioned that this is called the Rucellai Madonna,발음듣기

and that's a later title this painting was later moved away from the main altar in Santa Maria Novella and into the Rucellai Chapel that is the private chapel that was controlled by the Florentine family--the Rucellai (music)발음듣기

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