401(k)s (and how they compare to IRAs)

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401(k)s (and how they compare to IRAs)발음듣기

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What I want to do in this video is to talk a little bit about 401(k)'s which you probably at minimum have heard of.발음듣기

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Just from the get-go, just to put some structure in your mind of what this really is it's very similar to a traditional IRA.발음듣기

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It's very similar to a traditional IRA and the ways that they're the same is that you defer you taxes.발음듣기

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You put money in on a tax deferred basis.발음듣기

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Let me put it this way, you put pretax money in.발음듣기

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The money can grow inside of either the 401(k) account or the traditional IRA account untaxed.발음듣기

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Let me write that, money grows in account untaxed and then you can withdraw it, you can withdraw the money.발음듣기

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You can withdraw or start getting distributions from the account after age 59-1/2.발음듣기

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That's essentially when you're going to start retiring, when you're going to need the money.발음듣기

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When you withdraw after the age of 59-1/2 you will then pay income tax.발음듣기

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This is what people are talking about when they talk about deferring taxes.발음듣기

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You're not getting out of the taxes, you're just pushing off the date that you're going to have to pay the taxes.발음듣기

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For a lot of people this might be useful because while you are making money, you might be paying at a fairly high incremental tax rate.발음듣기

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But then once you're retired you have a much lower, you'll have a much lower, I guess you'll be in a much lower incremental tax bracket and so your total overall tax bill might be lower.발음듣기

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Also, maybe something happens just in terms of what the government does, in terms of how they charge taxes.발음듣기

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In general, if you had to pay 50 cents 20 years in the future versus 50 cents today, just present value of money tells you that that 50 cents is going to be worth a lot less in the future or the present value of it is a lot less.발음듣기

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That's some reasons to defer.발음듣기

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Of course, you're not just going to pay on what you put in, you will then also pay income tax on what you've put in and whatever grew.발음듣기

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You'll pay income tax on total disbursals.발음듣기

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In both cases, you have to start taking disbursements from your account by 70-1/2.발음듣기

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Penalties, let me write it this way.발음듣기

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Penalties, if you don't withdraw or you don't start withdrawing some of your funds by 70-1/2.발음듣기

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There's some special cases if you're working and all these type of things.발음듣기

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Now, what's happens if you withdraw before age 59-1/2?발음듣기

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Before 59-1/2.발음듣기

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So far, everything I've listed is true of both 401(k)'s and traditional IRAs.발음듣기

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If you withdraw before 59-1/2, you are taxed on withdrawal.발음듣기

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On top of that, there's a 10% penalty on all the funds you receive. 10% penalty.발음듣기

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This is what you have to think about unless if you just say, "Oh, I'm always just going to max out "my traditional IRA or 401(k)."발음듣기

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You got to make sure they're not going to want that money before 50-1/2 because you might be facing this 10% withdrawal.발음듣기

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These are all the cases that are the same.발음듣기

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The question is why do they both exist?발음듣기

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Why is there something called a traditional IRA and why is there something called a 401(k)?발음듣기

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They both seem like a pretty good way for me to defer taxes, get earnings on my investment in a taxed deferred way and then pay it some future date and they both force me to make sure or they strongly suggest that I shouldn't take out my money before 59-1/2.발음듣기

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The ways that they're different, let's focus on the differences, the differences between the 2.발음듣기

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One is 401(k)'s have a higher limit and if you're focused on 2010, but these numbers keep changing.발음듣기

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In 2010 the 401(k) limit is $16,500 and that's for just what you contribute into your 401(k).발음듣기

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This is for a 401(k).발음듣기

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While the IRA limit is $5,000.발음듣기

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This is an IRA.발음듣기

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One; 401(k), you can just participate with more money.발음듣기

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Actually, in both of these cases, as you approach your retirement, after the age of 50.발음듣기

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Let me put that in the same thing just so we're comprehensive.발음듣기

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Another similarity is that you can accelerate or have higher, you could have higher, I guess, deposits into your account, accelerate after 50.발음듣기

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Which just means you can put more money than these limits that I have right here.발음듣기

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These are limits before you're 50, after 50, between 50 and 59-1/2 when you can start withdrawing.발음듣기

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You can put a little bit more money in that and these are constantly moving targets.발음듣기

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The general idea is that you can put more money inside of a 401(k).발음듣기

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Now, the other difference is that a 401(k) tends to be organized by your employer.발음듣기

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401(k) organized by employer.발음듣기

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Just, from your point of view, that means 2 things, One is the employer will often specify the potential investments.발음듣기

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Specifies investments.발음듣기

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They'll actually run the 401(k) account for you.발음듣기

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Normally it will be held by someone else but it will be for your company, for company x.발음듣기

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The company gets to decide the universe of investments that you might be able to invest in.발음듣기

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The other thing, because it's run by the employer, the employer might match.발음듣기

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Which means for every dollar you put in, they'll put another dollar even they might go above matching and you could actually go up to, I think the current limits are approaching $50,000 for the total of the employee and employer match.발음듣기

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You can actually get a lot of, I guess you could think of it, leverage from putting in into a 401(k) if you have a very generous employer.발음듣기

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The other difference, this is really a superficial difference because it's just what you see, is that with the 401(k) the money will be taken out of your paycheck, you will never see it.발음듣기

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Taken out before paycheck.발음듣기

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While with a traditional IRA, you will take the money, invest it into a traditional IRA account and when you report your taxes it will be reported as a tax deduction and so you won't have to pay tax on it.발음듣기

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Functionally they're the exact same thing.발음듣기

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When you think about the pros and cons, if you have a 401(k), if the option is available to you, it's a pretty good option.발음듣기

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You're going to have higher limit.발음듣기

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You're going to have a higher limit right over here and your employer might match it.발음듣기

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Then the other thing, and this doesn't come into plays a lot, but there's also the option of borrowing from a 401(k) without penalty.발음듣기

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Borrowing from a 401(k) but you have to pay back interest to the 401(k) account if you did that and you cannot do that with a traditional IRA.발음듣기

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Now, when you're looking at all these you're like, "Whoa!발음듣기

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Why would anyone ever want to do a traditional IRA?발음듣기

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There's a couple of things.발음듣기

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One; you could do both.발음듣기

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Or the other thing is with traditional IRAs you have much more flexibility on where you want to invest.발음듣기

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Maybe your company says you can only invest in us, you can only invest in that company's stock.발음듣기

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In traditional IRAs you can invest in anything.발음듣기

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Hopefully that clarifies things a bit for you.발음듣기

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