Renoir, The Grands Boulevards발음듣기
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Renoir, The Grands Boulevards
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(piano music) Voiceover: I think to us in the early 21st century, this painting looks like quaint old Paris.발음듣기
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We see a woman wearing a long Victorian dress with a bow on the back and a pretty hat, strolling with her two children.발음듣기
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Voiceover: But to Renoir, and to the people depicted on this boulevard, this would have been incredibly modern.발음듣기
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Voiceover: And it's modern not only in terms of what it's depicting, but it's modern in terms of how it's depicted.발음듣기
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The idea of representing the city in a series of fleeting brush strokes that seem to catch the moment was a radically new idea.발음듣기
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Voiceover: And Renoir was one of a group of artists who are doing this who became known as "The Impressionists," who had, as you said, their first exhibition the year before.발음듣기
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So we might think about Monet or Camille Pissarro and Degas, all of them painting different aspects of this new sense of modern life in Paris.발음듣기
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Paris was, at this moment, being rebuilt from an old city with narrow winding streets to a city of wide boulevards flooded with light, a planned city lined with shops and cafes and trees, the city of Paris that we know and love today.발음듣기
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Voiceover: It was to be the new Imperial City under Napoleon III, and it wasn't just the architecture or the city planning that was being rebuilt.발음듣기
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It was just five years earlier that France had been humiliated in their defeat against the Germans, in the Franco-Prussian War.발음듣기
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Voiceover: Renoir is interested in giving us a cross-section of what we might see if we walked outside onto the boulevards in Paris.발음듣기
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Just to the right, we have two men who are talking who look rather well-dressed, maybe businessmen.발음듣기
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Then just to the right of that, that small family led by a mother, and then some figures in a carriage coming our way.발음듣기
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Voiceover: The city was a place to view, and one could be a dispassionate onlooker, a flaneur.발음듣기
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Voiceover: You said before that the form of the painting was also radically modern, and I think that's also hard for us to understand because to us, it looks quite normal,발음듣기
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and we love impressionist paintings like this, but the sketchiness that we see here is radical.발음듣기
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Renoir has reduced these trees to big broad brushstrokes in some areas that sweep across and also little dabs of paint in ...발음듣기
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We might guess that it might be a London plane tree perhaps, but we don't know precisely what it is.발음듣기
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This is not about conveying the specifics of any individual form; rather, representing the momentary.발음듣기
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Not what I know about a tree but how I actually perceive and experience that tree with the light coming through it on a bright summer day.발음듣기
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Look at the carriage, for instance, with the white horse and the driver and then the couple on the back.발음듣기
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It's only the barest notations, and yet it feels as if that horse is moving forward towards us, and we can almost hear its hoof-falls.발음듣기
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Voiceover: We talked about this painting as being this remarkably new and modern image in both its form and its content.발음듣기
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We have a diagonal line that appears to recede into the background, much like a traditional orthogonal going from the bottom right and moving back up toward the left.발음듣기
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Voiceover: Exactly. But we fail to really calculate a measurable distance into space, and that was something that was required of paintings in the 19th century.발음듣기
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He is also not quite dissolving the form of the human body as much as, for example, Monet is from exactly this time.발음듣기
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Like the "Boulevard des Capucines," for example, the figures are really reduced to just a short few strokes of paint, and you can't see fashion.발음듣기
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You can't see gesture. Very characteristic of Renoir is this interest in human beings and their social lives.발음듣기
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We're still getting a sense of family groups, of people talking to one another, of sociability.발음듣기
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Voiceover: This was a city inhabited, and Renoir has created that social dynamic that populated this new urban experience.발음듣기
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Voiceover: Right, but where other artists are interested in depicting the sense of alienation or aloneness of that experience in the city that was really different from the small-knit communities that had made up Paris before that.발음듣기
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