Donatello, Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata발음듣기
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Donatello, Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata
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(piano music playing) Beth: We're standing in the square, outside of the Church of Sant Antonio in Padua, looking across a traffic circle, at Donatello's great equestrian monument, from the mid-15th century, Gattamelata.발음듣기
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Steven: Donatello had spent a good deal of time in Rome, was up in Padua for about 10 years, and worked on a number of important commissions, but, this is clearly his most famous.발음듣기
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Beth: And, it's important to note that Donatello was twice in Rome, because he got to see the great equestrian sculpture of Marcus Aurelius.발음듣기
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Steven: This is really important, and I think it's a little bit difficult for us to understand how extraordinary that ancient sculpture must have seemed.발음듣기
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You know, by the late medieval and the beginning of the Renaissance, when Donatello was alive, you had a culture that had forgotten how to cast bronze at a large scale.발음듣기
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In other words, they could look at a sculpture from antiquity that they couldn't make any more.발음듣기
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Beth: And, to show off, you would want to raise one of the legs of the horse, as the sculptor did for Marcus Aurelius, and Donatello was clearly ambitious in wanting to do that, but he didn't go all the way in that direction and, instead, he's got the left hoof up on a cannonball.발음듣기
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Steven: Although, if you look at that left foreleg, it is so delicately placed on that cannonball, it's actually a very small point that is able to anchor the sculpture, and so it can't really support that much weight, so he's gone pretty far.발음듣기
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Beth: So, this is a type of sculpture that was lost, not only because of the loss of the knowledge of how to cast bronze in this size, but also because this is a type of monument that didn't really interest the Middle Ages.발음듣기
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Steven: And it commemorates a great man in our world, a recent figure, and, right, this is antithetical to the medieval celebration of, perhaps, royalty.발음듣기
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This is a very talented military captain, or a Condottiere, a kind of hired military captain that was very common at the time.발음듣기
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Steven: And a man who was hired by Venice, which is a city only about a half hour from Padua, that was responsible for Venice actually gaining this territory, that is, solidifying its foothold, on terra firma, outside of the lagoon.발음듣기
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Beth: Right. In the early 15th century, Venice captured more and more towns on the mainland, and Padua was one of them.발음듣기
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I don't think we know the origin of that nickname but it sounds to me like something, perhaps, his soldiers called him.발음듣기
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Beth: His family had him buried inside this important Church of Saint Anthony this is a major pilgrimage church - and then asked the Venetian government if they could put up a monument to him outside and, obviously, the Venetian government agreed.발음듣기
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The monument commemorates an individual but also speaks to the greatness of Padua, the greatness of Venice.발음듣기
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Steven: He is placed just outside of this enormous church and, so, there's this way that that civic pride is contextualized within this religious society.발음듣기
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They are both independent figures that are responding to the world around them, in their own way, so that the man stands fully in control, in charge.발음듣기
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He has baton in hand, he looks outward, the horse also enormously powerful, but looks down at us, turns, and seems so animated.발음듣기
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When we look at the Marcus Aurelius, a figure that has nobility, but lacks military strength and power, or doesn't project that as much as we have here, Gattamelata sits up in his stirrups, presses down, his body is vertical, balanced by the horizontal of the horse.발음듣기
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And, as we're looking from this vantage point outside the church, you can see the horse turning to its left, almost posing, and the beauty of the horse showing off its own valor.발음듣기
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Beth: Donatello's clearly studied the anatomy of the horse, the same way that we know Donatello was studying human anatomy at the time, that interest in naturalism is so evident here.발음듣기
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Look, for instance, at the broad face of the horse, and look at the way that you can see some of the veins, and the nostrils are flared.발음듣기
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The same way that Donatello was concerned with Contrapposto in the human body, we have the real movement of a horse through time, through space.발음듣기
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