Masaccio, Virgin and Child Enthroned발음듣기
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Masaccio, Virgin and Child Enthroned
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(piano music playing) Steven: We're in the National Gallery in London, and we're looking at Masaccio's The Virgin and Child Enthroned.발음듣기
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It achieves a degree of naturalism that had not been seen in hundreds and hundreds of years.발음듣기
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Although it's in a, kind of, gothic frame, with a pointed arch, the classicism that's so evident that Masaccio is looking at, we have those attached Corinthian columns on the throne, and then the figure itself, the monumentality of Mary, it's hard not to see the classical sculpture there, too.발음듣기
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Her lap looks so 3 dimensional, we have light coming from the left, illuminating her drapery.발음듣기
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So, Giotto begins this really important transition toward a much more human and experiential rendering of the human figure, of Christ, of Mary, and then this continues on for a couple of generations, but then it stops mid-century, some say because of the Black Plague, economic issues, etc.발음듣기
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So, Giotto begins this really important transition toward a much more human and experiential rendering of the human figure, of Christ, of Mary, and then this continues on for a couple of generations, but then it stops mid-century,발음듣기
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some say because of the Black Plague, economic issues, etc, and then, in the first quarter of the 15th century, here with Masaccio, you see the promise of Giotto, in a sense, fulfilled,발음듣기
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Steven: And Masaccio is the first artist to really incorporate this outside of the realm of architecture.발음듣기
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Beth: Right, and we can see the orthogonals, or the diagonal lines, that seem to recede into space in the throne itself, and, so, there is a real sense that Mary is seated inside a structure that makes sense.발음듣기
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In the past, we have often a decorative fabric behind, or a curtain, or a screen, behind Mary that was very flat, like the flat gold background.발음듣기
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We've got the gold background that one expects in an altar piece, but then there's, really, very believable (laughing) natural throne created by these linear perspectives.발음듣기
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And then we have these angels in the background, on either side, who are partially covered by the throne, so we have a sense of depth there, which is very important.발음듣기
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And then the 2 angels, in the front, hold foreshortened lutes that they're playing in heaven, so a further sense of space and depth, and, of course, this whole interest in space and the naturalism of the body, this is the revolution of the early Renaissance.발음듣기
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He seems to have a little handful of grapes, which is actually really important, because that's a foreshadowing of the wine that he will refer to.발음듣기
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That is the basis of the Eucharist at the Last Supper, when he says, "This wine is my blood," and, so, even in the joyful and tender moment we have a reference to the end of Christ's life.발음듣기
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I think that important relationship between the figures really gives a point of access for the viewer, and I think that was increasingly important in the Renaissance.발음듣기
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There's another reference to Christ's ultimate death, in that squiggly pattern, in the step just below the throne, and that's a decorative form that was often carved into Roman sarcophagi, and, so, that is a reference to Christ's eventual entombment, and another foreshadowing of Christ's death.발음듣기
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Down at that step, there's another hint, and that is, just in back of the angel on the left, playing the lute, you'll see that, just to the left of his wing, there is a shadow cast, and, since the light is coming from the left.발음듣기
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It was probably part of a polyptych; there were several other panels, and there may well have been some standing figures to the left.발음듣기
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It's just a, sort of, a clue that the painting, and the way, the orientation of the painting, is not as it had been originally.발음듣기
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Beth: So, there might have been another figure, and you're saying that that's the shadow cast here?발음듣기
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Steven: Those shadows help to create the sense of volume and mass, and it's what makes both Mary and Christ feel as if they are here in front of us, as solid forms in space.발음듣기
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