Introduction to Conservation Science

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Introduction to Conservation Science발음듣기

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My name is Sanjayan.발음듣기

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I'm a conservation scientist. I wasn't born here;발음듣기

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I was born quite far away from this place actually, in a little, little island in the middle of the Indian Ocean called Sri Lanka.발음듣기

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And when I was born, my grandmother looked at my head and noticed a pattern of swirling in my hair which you call cowlicks.발음듣기

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You can see that on your head.발음듣기

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And in Sri Lanka, people read this like you read your palm.발음듣기

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So she had my head read and came back and told my family the bad news and that was I was going to die by drowning.발음듣기

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And as a kid, that's kind of devastating news to get because I lived right on the ocean and I could not go in it.발음듣기

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I was forbidden to go in the water.발음듣기

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Then when I was about nine years old, my mother broke with convention and taught me how to swim.발음듣기

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Her reasoning was, if, you know, the kid is going to die by drowning then I want to give this kid a real fighting chance.발음듣기

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In a lot of ways, that's exactly where we are in the conservation movement today.발음듣기

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And conservation science really gives us a fighting chance.발음듣기

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A fighting chance to survive what we call the Age of Man, the Anthropocene.발음듣기

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So we know we're having lots of impacts on the planet, lots of negative impacts on the planet.발음듣기

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The question is, how do we survive it?발음듣기

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How do we continue to have a quality of life without exhausting all the resources, without exhausting nature that we need and depend on to survive?발음듣기

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It's conservation science that helps us do that.발음듣기

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Now, how do you become a conservation scientist?발음듣기

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Well, see, it turns out that most conservation scientists come from biology.발음듣기

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But for me, it was a little bit different.발음듣기

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See, my parents really wanted me to become a doctor or an engineer or a lawyer.발음듣기

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I'm Asian. That's what your parents push you to do.발음듣기

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And I sort of studied to do that but as I was studying to do that, I was also taking classes that I was really just good at.발음듣기

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In turns out, I was good at biology classes because I just liked wildlife.발음듣기

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I've always been curious about things that move and how the world works.발음듣기

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And most kids are; they're curious about critters.발음듣기

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And I had lots and lots of animals growing up, from guinea pigs, and hamsters, and parrots, and dogs, and cats to strange things like fish in my bathtub, right?발음듣기

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And I got fascinated by that.발음듣기

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So I kept doing the things that I really, really enjoy doing and that passion eventually drove me to the point where I had a PhD in that and I realized, "Wow, someone could actually pay me to actually do something with this."발음듣기

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So I just followed my passion.발음듣기

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The good news is, as a conservation scientist or an environmental scientist, you have lots and lots of options for work.발음듣기

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See, 20 years ago, you'd pretty much work in academia, so in the university or school, or for government, maybe in the National Park Service as a ranger or as a scientist.발음듣기

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But today, you can work for a non-profit, like I work for the Nature Conservancy which is a conservation organization that cares about nature and people, or you can go and work for a company.발음듣기

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See, it turns out that if you were, say, Coca-Cola and you cared about where your water comes from, Cola-Cola uses lots of water for all the Coke that they make, obviously, you need to care about where that river is coming from, where the water in that river is coming from, or what kind of pollution you're putting back into your system.발음듣기

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So, as a company living on a planet with seven billion people, you really do need to worry about the environment.발음듣기

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And many conservation scientists and environment scientists today also work for companies.발음듣기

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So that's the good news. So, what do we really do ultimately in conservation science?발음듣기

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You know, what's the big questions that we really wrestle with?발음듣기

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Well, it turns out that really the ultimate big question that we conservation scientists wrestle with is about trade-offs.발음듣기

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So, let's say you wanted to save rhinos.발음듣기

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There's only 3,500 black rhinos left on the planet.발음듣기

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People kill them because they want their horns because a rhino horn is worth $60,000 in some parts of Asia.발음듣기

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So, how do you... how do you save rhinos?발음듣기

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Well, you could go about with an armed guard.발음듣기

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You could put a ranger to follow the rhino around and keep poachers away.발음듣기

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You could put all the rhinos in the zoo and just breed them there.발음듣기

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You could create lots of habitat, create a big, big national park, which is so far away and so remote that no one could get to them or you can cut off rhino's horns so that poachers won't be tempted to kill them.발음듣기

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Or you can go and work with the Asian markets and convince people that rhino horns are nothing more than hair, which is what they are, and they really have no medicinal value.발음듣기

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So, there's a lot of different ways in which you can go about trying to save the rhino.발음듣기

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Which is the best way, which gives the rhino the best chance and which requires the least amount of work from us, if you will?발음듣기

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So, how do you value trade-off tends to be really what the work that conservation scientists do.발음듣기

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See, as a conservation scientist, when I got into it, I thought my job was gonna be all about saving big animals and save...발음듣기

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You know, working on tigers or elephants or rhinos or sharks, but it turns out that most of what I do is working on how you manage people and that's the neat part about conservation science.발음듣기

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It's biology but it's also economics and sociology.발음듣기

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So, it's a combination of those type of things and it's about evaluating trade-off to see what gives you the best outcome.발음듣기

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When a conservation scientist looks in the future, I think the big challenge that we have to face is that, where do we want nature to ultimately look like?발음듣기

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Do we want to recreate something that was in the past or do we want to envision something that's out there into the future?발음듣기

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So, are we looking backwards or are we looking forward in terms of restoring say a forest or a field or a marsh?발음듣기

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The last thing I would say about conservation science is that it's something that everyone can participate in, everyone can be a bit of a citizen scientist.발음듣기

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And doing that really puts me out of my job and that's wonderful if people can do that.발음듣기

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So, you don't actually have to go and become a conservation scientist in order to participate in it.발음듣기

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The ultimate question though that all of us in conservation will struggle with is what makes people happy, what makes people content?발음듣기

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My proposition, what I truly believe, is that if we live on a planet with lots of nature and lots of wildlife, we will live better and happier lives.발음듣기

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Is that true? I don't know. What's the evidence?발음듣기

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