Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People발음듣기
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Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People
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[intro: theme music] DR. STEVEN ZUCKER: We're in the Musée du Louvre and we're looking at Delacroix's 'Liberty Leading the People'.발음듣기
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And so the streets were narrow, and they were winding, and it was easy to block off French troops.발음듣기
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HARRIS: Over those cobblestones strides a figure who one would not have actually seen on the streets of Paris.발음듣기
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So we know this mixture of the real and the unreal, because we have this allegorical figure of Liberty herself, carrying the French tricolor flag which represents equality, fraternity, and liberty— the values of the revolution.발음듣기
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ZUCKER: So in the United States, we would recognize this figure as the Statue of Liberty, not a specific individual, but in fact the embodiment or personification of an idea, the idea of freedom.발음듣기
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HARRIS: So it's important to remember here that what's happened is a monarchy had been restored in France that was very politically oppressive.발음듣기
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And the revolution in July of 1830 was against that restored King Charles the Tenth and brought into power a constitutional monarchy.발음듣기
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ZUCKER: So there were three days of... beyond protest, of open warfare in the streets of Paris.발음듣기
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And one of the practices of the repressive government was to go after the opposition in their homes, beat them to death, and drag them into the streets as a reminder: "Do not do this."발음듣기
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There's a very famous Daumier: 'Rue Transnonain' that shows a family that has been killed in their bedroom.발음듣기
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ZUCKER: And that's important because I think that's a reminder that even the royal troops are not invincible.발음듣기
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I think if the figure had been an ancient Greek looking figure, we would have lost some of the strength of this image.발음듣기
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Her arm forward with the flag, her other arm carrying the bayonet, striding over the barricade.발음듣기
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Because I think that Delacroix isn't viewing this figure with all of those very human attributes that we're talking about.발음듣기
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But at the same time, I think Delacroix is actually very consciously drawing on the ancient tradition.발음듣기
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The perfect profile, which is the most noble way of representing the face according to the classical world remind us of Roman coinage, for instance.발음듣기
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ZUCKER: So not only do you have the man wearing the top hat, a member of the bourgeoisie, of the middle class, but next to him is a craftsmen—a workman— in his shirt sleeves, who probably can't afford that nice rifle.발음듣기
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HARRIS: And so there was a real political message here of the power of the people to overthrow a government.발음듣기
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And the government of Louis Philippe that came into power purchased this painting, but later this message started to feel a little bit uncomfortable.발음듣기
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In fact, the government of Louis Philippe, although a constitutional monarchy, still only a very small fraction of the French people were able to vote.발음듣기
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We're talking about a government that was still favorable only to the interests of real elite.발음듣기
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And so the power of the people that we see here in this painting became dangerous, and the painting was taken down and not exhibited again until the revolution of 1848.발음듣기
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ZUCKER: We'll look, for instance, at the extreme right side of the canvas and you can make out the two towers of Notre Dame rising above the smoke of battle.발음듣기
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