Banking 1발음듣기
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Banking 1
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You have all of these hardworking people whatever they do - doctors, lawyers, engineers, construction workers - whatever they might do.발음듣기
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Those people gave them something, whether it's gold or a green piece of paper, that essentially says, this gold or this green piece of paper entitles you to some future goods and services.발음듣기
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There's this pool of savings and let's say there's this other pool of entrepreneurs and they have a bunch of really good ideas for projects.발음듣기
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I have an idea that if I could get a bunch of people to dig canals to the crops, that we'll be able to grow more crops throughout the year and we'll all be richer because we'll all have more food and that's a true good and service in its best sense.발음듣기
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I mean, I could maybe promise them in the future that once all of this is done, I can do something, give them more food, but that's not the way it works.발음듣기
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No one's willing to work for me unless they can feel very secure that they're going to get something in return.발음듣기
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You have a bunch of people who have already provided goods and services to the world and the world has given them trinkets - whether it's gold coins or paper money.발음듣기
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And I want to make this point because everyone always talks about gold as if it's something special, as if it really represents wealth, while paper money really does not represent wealth.발음듣기
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I always want to make that--people always somehow feel that gold is somehow better than paper money.발음듣기
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And we'll talk in the future about inflation and deflation and the fact that there is a constraint on how much gold can be produced, but you can print money.발음듣기
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So in our modern world that savings are these green pieces of paper, but let's say we're talking about some primitive culture and they're using gold.발음듣기
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And these coins are essentially this society's way of agreeing - if you have one of these coins in the future, if you give this coin to someone else, they'll do something for you.발음듣기
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These projects - I say, well if I only had some way of convincing someone to dig a canal, it would be hugely beneficial and it will create wealth - or dig irrigation ditches.발음듣기
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Well, if I had gold or if I had these little coins, I could give these coins to these people, they would dig the irrigation ditch and then I could charge people the service of using my - or maybe I'll charge people access to water and then I could essentially generate a return.발음듣기
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If I could borrow some of their money and use it to pay people that will essentially do the goods and service or do the new project, then I'll generate wealth.발음듣기
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And maybe these projects, they don't require just part of the savings of one person, they require the savings of 1,000 people because it's a large project.발음듣기
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In fact, if I have savings, if I've buried a bunch of stuff in my backyard or in my mattress, I don't want to advertise it.발음듣기
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So I'm a third entrepreneur and I see an opportunity for business and I call that business a bank.발음듣기
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And I use that essentially to build this big structure of solid stone that looks really safe and really secure.발음듣기
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So this is my equity, right, and I use it to build a vault - a big, nice, fancy looking building.발음듣기
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So I build this nice looking building that people would feel comfortable keeping their money in - and that could actually be safe for safekeeping.발음듣기
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Instead of having your money insecure in your backyard or your bed, why don't you put your savings in this building and if you ever need it, you can come and get it?발음듣기
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So everyone says, that's a good deal and Sal's trustworthy and, more than Sal, that building looks even more trustworthy because it looks like a Greek temple.발음듣기
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If they put it in and then one day they can't get their money back, they're going to be very suspicious of me.발음듣기
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So at any given day, not everyone - hopefully not everyone's - going to pull their money out or put their money in.발음듣기
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So I'm going to keep $1 million in cash and then I have $9 million left that I can hopefully put to productive use.발음듣기
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And what I'd do with that $9 million is I loan it out to people who have really good projects or investments.발음듣기
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I'm essentially borrowing $10 million, keeping $1 million aside, and paying out $9 million in loans.발음듣기
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Well, these loans - I'm hopefully putting them to build irrigation ditches or build factories or do whatever, something that actually is an investment, that creates more value than it needed to start up.발음듣기
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So I can actually charge interest and that interest should be a cut of that value that's being created.발음듣기
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And for their money, these people, not only do they get to keep their money in this nice, safe deposit, but I'm also paying them 5%.발음듣기
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But if you look at it big picture, I put a million dollars in and every year, I'm making $300,000 by providing this service - by matching up the savings with good investments.발음듣기
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The pie's getting bigger because these are real investments that are going to benefit my village.발음듣기
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And of course, these people benefit because they get safekeeping for their accounts and their money is actually growing.발음듣기
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