Duchamp, Fountain

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Duchamp, Fountain발음듣기

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Steven: We're at SF MOMA and we're looking at Marcel Duchamp's Fountain, which he originally made in 1917, but which he remade in 1964.발음듣기

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Beth: The original is gone.발음듣기

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Steven: Thrown away or who knows what.발음듣기

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Beth: So this is a small series that was made in 1964, after that original work in 1917.발음듣기

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And he over saw the making of this series.발음듣기

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Steven: I think we need to be really careful with the word "making."발음듣기

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Beth: [laugh]발음듣기

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Steven: What Duchamp did for us was go to a plumbing supply house called Mott's and purchased this and...발음듣기

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Beth: He didn't make it.발음듣기

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Steven: He made it as a work of art through the alchemy of the artist he transformed this.발음듣기

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Beth: he turned the urinal on it's side and signed it R. Mutt and dated it.발음듣기

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Steven: And submitted it to an art exhibition for a new group that he was a founding member of The American Society for Independent Artists And their notion was that the juried exhibition that was prevalent in the United States and New York at this time.발음듣기

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Remember, Duchamp had just come over from Paris and was in fact a real problem because the jury always selected the traditional work they were associated with and this new group wanted to bring in new possibilities.발음듣기

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Beth: Right, so they were supposed to accept every work that was submitted, but they rejected this one.발음듣기

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Steven: I think he was really pushing the boundaries.발음듣기

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Beth: He submitted it as sculpture, which to me is even more remarkable, because when you think about sculpture it has an even more monumental, heroic.발음듣기

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Steven: Grand tradition.발음듣기

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Beth: Tradition, then even than painting.발음듣기

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To take this urinal and turn it on it's side.발음듣기

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Steven: Some art historians have dealt with this in the most absurd way talking about it's formal qualities with it's shine.발음듣기

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Beth: Curves.발음듣기

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Steven: Porcelain surface.발음듣기

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But it's a urinal, although it is transformed And this is what Duchamp called a readymade.발음듣기

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Beth: You used the word "alchemy" before and I think that that's an interesting word,발음듣기

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because one of the ways that we can think about art is a kind transformation of ordinary materials into something really wonderful, that transports us, and makes us see things in a new way,발음듣기

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even though he didn't make anything he is asking us to see the urinal in a new way not necessarily,발음듣기

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as an aesthetic object but to make us ask those philosophical questions about what art is and what the artist does.발음듣기

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Steven: He separates craftsmanship and it's relationship to the aesthetic enjoyment and to the profundity of a work of art.발음듣기

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Just throwing it out the window.발음듣기

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Beth: That's the philosophical question he wants to open up, does art have to be made by the hand of the artist?발음듣기

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Steven: Of course, he's doing it in the most absurd way by putting a urinal forward and calling it Fountain.발음듣기

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Beth: So, what is art?발음듣기

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Is it the idea? Is it the concept?발음듣기

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Can the artist just have the idea and not make the object?발음듣기

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Steven: Can art be pure philosophy, pure theory?발음듣기

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Beth: Exactly.발음듣기

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